diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/kformula/index.docbook')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/kformula/index.docbook | 1246 |
1 files changed, 1246 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/doc/kformula/index.docbook b/doc/kformula/index.docbook new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f142b689 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/kformula/index.docbook @@ -0,0 +1,1246 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" ?> +<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.2-Based Variant V1.1//EN" "dtd/kdex.dtd" [ + <!ENTITY kappname "&kformula;"> + <!ENTITY package "koffice"> + <!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE" > <!-- change language only here --> + <!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE"> +]> + +<book lang="&language;"> + +<bookinfo> +<title>The &kformula; Handbook</title> + +<authorgroup> + +<author> +<firstname>Jonathan</firstname> +<surname>Drews</surname> +<affiliation><address><email>j.e.drews@att.net</email></address></affiliation> +</author> +<author> +<firstname>Anne-Marie</firstname> +<surname>Mahfouf</surname> +<affiliation><address><email>annma@kde.org</email></address></affiliation> +</author> +<author> +<firstname>Alfredo</firstname> +<surname>Beaumont Sainz</surname> +<affiliation><address><email>alfredo.beaumont@gmail.com</email></address></affiliation> +</author> +<othercredit role="developer"> +<firstname>Ulrich</firstname> +<surname>Küttler</surname> +<contrib>Developer</contrib> +</othercredit> + +<!-- TRANS:ROLES_OF_TRANSLATORS --> +</authorgroup> +<copyright> +<year>2002</year> +<holder>Jonathan Drews</holder> +</copyright> +<copyright> +<year>2005</year> +<holder>Anne-Marie Mahfouf</holder> +</copyright> +<copyright> +<year>2006</year> +<holder>Alfredo Beaumont Sainz</holder> +</copyright> +<legalnotice>&FDLNotice;</legalnotice> + +<date>2006-09-09</date> +<releaseinfo>1.5.90</releaseinfo> + +<abstract> +<para> +&kformula; is used to layout formulas. +</para> +</abstract> + + +<keywordset> +<keyword>KDE</keyword> +<keyword>KOffice</keyword> +<keyword>kformula</keyword> +<keyword>formula</keyword> +</keywordset> + +</bookinfo> + +<chapter id="introduction"> +<title>Introduction</title> +<para>&kformula; is used to write formulas. It doesn't evaluate +anything. All it does is print them.</para> +<para>&kformula; was designed for your editing pleasure. It makes it +delightful to enter Greek letters, fractions and all the stuff that +makes a formula look like a formula.</para> +<para>But most of the time you won't want to use &kformula; itself. +Instead you might choose to use it from within &kword; or any other +&koffice; application. That is &kformula; is not a useful application +on its own but an extension to all the other &koffice; applications +you've fallen in love with.</para> + +<para>Where ever &kformula; gets embedded, it will +behave the same.</para> + +</chapter> + +<chapter id="basics"> +<title>Basics</title> +<para>A new (empty) &kformula; document looks like a small blue square. +This square stands for the central idea of &kformula;. It represents an +empty list. The idea of &kformula; is to have different elements +arranged in lists. An element in this respect might be a single char +or a root symbol or something like that. The lists are put together so +that they form a formula. That is there are lists for indexes, lower +and upper bounds and so on. And of course there is the main +list, which we've already seen.</para> + +<para>Writing a formula means to fill the empty list with letters, +figures and mathematical symbols. That is straightforward: use your +keyboard. As soon as you type something the <quote>empty</quote> +symbol will vanish and you will see whatever you have inserted +instead. New characters are always put at the current cursor +position.</para> + +<para>There is a toolbar called <guilabel>Add</guilabel> that allows +you to create more complex elements. There are indices, fractions, +roots and matrices to name a few. All these elements +consist of at least one list, you can move the cursor into and insert +new items.</para> + +</chapter> + +<chapter id="using-kformula"> +<title>Using &kformula;</title> +<para> Below is a typical formula entry in &kformula;. To enter the partial +derivatives and Greek letters click on the symbol combo box, on the +right, and select the appropriate symbol. The symbol combo box, in the figure +below, has the word +<quote>Cap</quote> on it. Click on the return key symbol to the right of it, +to enter a symbol.</para> +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Screenshot of &kformula;</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="green1.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + <textobject> + <phrase>Screenshot of &kformula;</phrase> + </textobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para> The Greens formula above can be printed to a &PostScript; +file. To do that choose <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice> and configure print as shown below:</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Here's a screenshot of Greens Formula in &kformula;</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="green2.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> +<textobject><phrase>Here's a screenshot of Greens Formula in &kformula;</phrase></textobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para> +Here is what the the resulting &PostScript; file should look +like:</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Here is the &PostScript; output from &kformula;</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="greens.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<sect1 id="kformula-features"> +<title>More &kformula; features</title> + +<para>More on formulas</para> +<para>To enter matrices, click on the <guiicon>[ ]</guiicon> and then click +on the matrix symbol <inlinemediaobject><imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="matrix.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject></inlinemediaobject>. +You can move from matrix element to matrix element using the arrow +keys <keysym>Right arrow</keysym>, <keysym>Up arrow</keysym>, +<keysym>Down arrow</keysym> and <keysym>Left arrow</keysym>. An example matrix +is shown below. +</para> +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Here is the resulting matrix;</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="matrix-view.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> +</sect1> +</chapter> + +<chapter id="commands"> +<title>Command Reference</title> + +<sect1 id="kformula-mainwindow"> +<title>The Main &kformula; Window</title> + +<sect2> +<title>The <guimenu>File</guimenu> Menu</title> + +<variablelist> +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Creates a new &kformula; +document.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>O</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Open...</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Opens a previously saved +document.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Open Recent</guisubmenu> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Displays a selection of recently opened documents.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>S</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Save</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Saves the document.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Save As...</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Saves the document with a name you provide.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Reload</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Reloads the more recently opened document.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Import</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Imports formulas from other formats.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Export</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Exports the current document in another format.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Mail...</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Invokes &kmail; so you can email the file. +The file is already attached to the email.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>P</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Print...</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Prints the document.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Print Preview...</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Shows how the printed document will appear.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Document Information</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Provides a dialog box where you can enter your name, +email address and a short description about the document.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>W</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Close</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Closes the current document.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Q</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Quit</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Quits</action> &kformula;.</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> +</variablelist> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>The <guimenu>Edit</guimenu> Menu</title> + +<variablelist> +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Z</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Undo</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Undoes an action. You can revert to the state that existed +before your last change.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl; &Shift; <keycap>Z</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Redo</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Undoes an undo. Reverse the action of Undo. This will restore the change +you originally made.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>X</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Cuts a highlighted piece of text from the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>C</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Copies a highlighted piece of text from the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>V</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Pastes the text you selected with Cut or Copy to the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>A</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Select All</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Highlights all the text in the &kformula; screen for +either Cut or Copy.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>R</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Remove Enclosing Element</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Removes enclosing braces, brackets or absolute value bars. +This action takes place on the braces just outside the cursor.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>G</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Convert to Greek</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Converts a Latin character to a Greek symbol.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Edit Formula String...</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Brings up an editor where you can edit the existing formula.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +</variablelist> + +<para>See the <link linkend="advanced"> Advanced editing</link> +section for details.</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>The <guimenu>Element</guimenu> Menu</title> + +<variablelist> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Root</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts the square root.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Fraction</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a fraction.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Bracket</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a pair of brackets, &ie; ( ). You can also just +type ( to insert a pair of brackets.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Integral</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts the integral sign.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Sum</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts the summation sign. +(sigma).</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Product</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts the product sign.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Matrix...</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a matrix. A dialog box pops up, with the default size being 3x3. +You can specify the number of rows and columns in this box.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add 1x2 Matrix</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a two rowed column vector.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Overline</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts an overline in this box.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Underline</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts an underline in this box.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Multiline</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a new line each time you type Enter in the square.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Upper Index</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Adds an upper index like so: </action><inlinemediaobject><imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="upper-index.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject></inlinemediaobject>.</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>L</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Lower Index</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Adds a lower index: </action><inlinemediaobject><imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="lower-index.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject></inlinemediaobject>.</para> +<note><para> See the <link linkend="indices">Definite Integrals and +Indices</link> section for details about indices.</para></note></listitem> +</varlistentry> + + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Negative Thin Space</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a small reduced space, here between the o and the e:</action><inlinemediaobject><imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="negative_thin_space.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject></inlinemediaobject>.</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Thin Space</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a small space.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Medium Space</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a space that is one and a half times wider.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Thick Space</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a double space.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add Quad Space</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a quadruple wide space.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Insert Column</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a column in an existing matrix. The column is inserted where the cursor is at.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Append Column</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Appends a column to an existing matrix. The column is appended on the right.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Remove Column</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Removes a column from an existing matrix. Removal occurs where the cursor is positioned.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Insert Row</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts a row in an existing matrix. The row is inserted where the cursor is at.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Append Row</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Appends a row to an existing matrix. The row is appended on the bottom.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Remove Row</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Removes a row from an existing matrix. Removal occurs where the cursor is positioned.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Size</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Allows to set the size of the font (from 6 to 72).</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Left Delimiter</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Allows insertion of various delimiters &ie; (, {, and +[.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Right Delimiter</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Allows insertion of various delimiters &ie; ), }, and +].</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<shortcut> +<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>I</keycap></keycombo> +</shortcut> +<guimenu>Element</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Insert Symbol</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Inserts the symbol, selected in the symbol +toolbar.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> +</variablelist> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>The <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> Menu</title> +<para>Here you can choose how &kformula; is configured. + You can select the toolbars you want displayed or the type of fonts to be +used.</para> + +<variablelist> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>File (KFormula)</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Toggles the toolbar that contains clickable icons for +new, open and save files. +Print and print preview are here also.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Edit (KFormula)</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Toggles the edit toolbar. Here are clickable icons for +cut and paste as well as Undo and Redo.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Add (KFormula)</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>This toolbar contains all the mathematical elements such +as Sum, Integral, Exponent &etc;</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Font (KFormula)</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>This toolbar contains the font settings (size, bold, italic, &etc;).</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Symbol (KFormula)</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>This toggles the combo box that contains Del, the +partial derivative symbol, limit arrows, +boolean operators and other mathematical symbols.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> +<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu> +<guimenuitem>Matrix (KFormula)</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>This toggles the matrix toolbar. It contains clickable +icons that pertain to matrix creation and editing.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Syntax Highlighting</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Checking this item determines if the numbers will be +displayed in color.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + + + +</variablelist> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Configuring Shortcuts</title> + +<para>The <menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure Shortcuts...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> +allows you to specify shortcuts.</para> + + +<para>Below is an example of how to configure a shortcut for a +print preview. +</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Picture of shortcut dialog</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="shortcut0.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> +Click on <guilabel>Custom</guilabel>. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +Next click on the button <guibutton>Advanced >></guibutton> and then <guilabel>Primary shortcut:</guilabel>. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +Do <userinput><keycombo +action="seq">&Ctrl;<keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput> +and the dialog should disappear. The shortcut is now entered. +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Picture of shortcut dialog</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="shortcut1.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para>Pressing the keys <userinput><keycombo +action="seq"><keycap>&Ctrl;</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput> +now displays the print preview. +</para> +</sect2> + + +<sect2> +<title>Configuring Toolbars</title> +<para>The <menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure Toolbars...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> +is used to add additional buttons to the toolbars.</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Picture of toolbars dialog</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="toolbars.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + + +<itemizedlist> + +<listitem> +<para>To add a button to the <guilabel>File</guilabel> toolbar, +</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Picture of toolbars dialog</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="file-toolbar.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para> make sure <guilabel>File + <&koffice;></guilabel> is displayed in the top combo box. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +Click on one of the items in the left hand pane. This item will now be +highlighted to show that it has been selected. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +Next click on the <guiicon>Right arrow</guiicon> button to place it in +the right pane. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +Click on <userinput><guilabel>Apply</guilabel></userinput> and then +click on <userinput><guilabel>OK</guilabel></userinput>. +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + + +<para>The new Item should be in the toolbar. <inlinemediaobject><imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="file-toolbar2.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para> + + +</sect2> + + + + +<sect2> +<title>Configuring &kformula;</title> +<para>The <menuchoice> +<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure +&kformula;...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> is where the font sizes and font styles are +selected.</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem> +<para>The <guilabel>Formula</guilabel> section allows you to select fonts +and font highlight colors.</para> +</listitem> +</itemizedlist> +</sect2> + + + +<sect2> +<title>The <guimenu>Help</guimenu> Menu</title> + <variablelist> +<varlistentry> +<term><menuchoice> +<guimenu>Help</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Tip of the Day</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice></term> +<listitem><para><action>Opens the <guilabel>Tip of the Day</guilabel> dialog which displays a random tip about &kformula;.</action></para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + </variablelist> +&help.menu.documentation; + +</sect2> +</sect1> + +</chapter> + +<chapter id="advanced"> +<title>Advanced Editing</title> + +<sect1 id="insertion"> +<title>Name insertion</title> +<para> +A special feature is the name insertion. The blue square you +type into is actual a list. Furthermore, that list can contain other +lists. When you type a backslash (<literal>\</literal>) you get a new +empty list right away. But this one is special. It uses a different +font and is meant to insert things like function names. There is, +however, a second idea here. Your keyboard only has a limited number of keys. +The wealth of mathematical symbols on the other side is overwhelming. To get one +of those you can type its name and press the space bar afterwards. The name you +typed will be replaced by the symbol then. In this context, the +<keycap>Space</keycap> bar means <quote>get out of here</quote>, that +is move the cursor to the containing list. The cursor will be +positioned at the end of what you just entered but will also enclose part of the original +formula, after pressing the space bar. +</para> + +<para>Another thing you might want to insert are spaces. We all know, +printing formulae is all about the right spacing. And you can do just +that using a <quote>name list</quote>.</para> +<para> +Inside the blue square do: <userinput><keycombo +action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap>,</keycap><keycap>SPACE</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a small space. +</para> +<para> +Do: <userinput><keycombo +action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap><</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a medium space. +</para> +<para> +Do: <userinput><keycombo +action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap>;</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a thick space. +</para> +<para> +Do: <userinput><keycap>\</keycap> quad <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput> to get +a quadruple wide space. +</para> +<para> +In the same way, specific mathematical symbols can be inserted. +<userinput><keycap>\</keycap> oint <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput> inserts +the path integral about a closed contour. Below is the result of +<userinput><keycap>\</keycap> oint <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput>:</para> +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Picture of path integral</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="path-integral.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> +</sect1> + +<sect1 id="formula-strings"> +<title>Editing Formulas</title> + +<para>The <menuchoice> +<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> +<guimenuitem>Edit Formula String</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice> allows the user to edit the <acronym>ASCII</acronym> formulas that have been copied from other applications, +such as <ulink url="http://scilabsoft.inria.fr/">Scilab</ulink>, and transform them directly into mathematical type. An example will make this clear. Below is a screenshot of <literal>INRIA</literal> Scilab. +</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Scilab picture</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="scilab.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> +<para> Copy and paste the text beginning with <literal>x*sin(30*x)</literal> into the formula editor as +shown below:</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Scilab formula edit picture</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="scilab-edit.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para>If you click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton>, the editor will complain about aborted parsing. It cannot +recognize one of the symbols in the formula. The displayed formula would show that the Pi symbol is +not correctly rendered. This means that the <literal>%</literal> must be deleted. Do this and &kformula; will +render the mathematical font properly, as shown below.</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Scilab formula rendered in &kformula;</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="sin.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para> The formula editor will accept most C language mathematical expressions, like the formulas from a +Runge-Kutta program below:</para> +<programlisting><function>void derives(float x, float y[], float dydx[]) +{ + dydx[1] = y[2]; + dydx[2] = -0.8*x*y[2] - sin(x)*y[1]; +}</function></programlisting> + +<para>Here <literal>dydx[1]</literal> is the first order derivative and <literal>dydx[2]</literal> is the second order +derivative. After copying the formula, you will have to edit the derivatives with &kformula;. Here is how it is done. +First copy and paste the bottom expression into the formula editor.</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta in editor;</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="rk-edit0.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para>Next remove the <literal>[ ]</literal>, leaving just y's.</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta edited</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="rk-edit1.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para>Now click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> and place the cursor by a <literal>y</literal> and delete it. Insert the appropriate symbols as +shown below.</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta in &kformula;</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="rk-edit2.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para>Not every expression that &kformula; is capable of translates into a valid C expression. For example the +superscript expression:</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>Superscript in &kformula;</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="ambiguous-string.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> + +<para>is displayed as <literal>()**()</literal>, which is not a valid C statement for exponentiation. Similarly the 1 by 2 +matrix displays as <literal>()/()</literal>. This is not a valid array in C.</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1 id="indices"> +<title>Definite Integrals and Indices</title> +<sect2> +<title>Definite Integrals</title> +<para> A definite integral is made by using <keycombo +action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo> for the upper limit +of integration and <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>L</keycap></keycombo> +for the lower limit of integration. +</para> + +<screenshot> +<screeninfo>definite integral</screeninfo> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="definite_integral.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> +</screenshot> +<para>Reposition the cursor in front of the integral after making the +first of the limits.</para> +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Positioning Indices</title> +<para> +The upper or lower index can be positioned by highlighting the desired +text. In this example, an arrow is needed above the P, in dP. Using <keycombo +action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo> places the desired vector +symbol in the wrong place; namely above the <quote>d</quote>. +<inlinemediaobject><imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="incorrect_index_location.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject></inlinemediaobject> +</para> + +<para>The problem is solved by + highlighting only the P in <inlinemediaobject><imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="index_smear.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject></inlinemediaobject> and then entering <keycombo +action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo>. Here is the correct + result. <inlinemediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="correct_index_location.png" format="PNG"/> + </imageobject> +</inlinemediaobject> +</para> +</sect2> + +</sect1> +</chapter> + +<chapter id="credits-and-licenses"> +<title>Credits and Licenses</title> + +<para>&kformula; Copyright by The KFormula Team</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<title>&kformula; Developers (Alphabetically)</title> +<listitem><para>Alfredo Beaumont Sainz <email>alfredo.beaumont@gmail.com</email></para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Ulrich Küttler</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Andrea Rizzi</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para>Documentation copyright 2002 Jonathan Drews +<email>j.e.drews@att.net</email></para> + +<para>Documentation copyright 2005 Anne-Marie Mahfouf +<email>annma@kde.org</email></para> + +<para>Documentation copyright 2006 Alfredo Beaumont Sainz +<email>alfredo.beaumont@gmail.com</email></para> +<!--TRANS:CREDIT_FOR_TRANSLATORS--> +&underFDL; +&underGPL; + +</chapter> + +<appendix id="installation"> +<title>Installation</title> + +<sect1 id="getting-kformula"> +<title>How to obtain &kformula;</title> + +&install.intro.documentation; + +</sect1> + +<sect1 id="requirements"> +<title>Requirements</title> + +<para> +&kformula; is part of &koffice; +on <ulink url="http://www.koffice.org/kformula ">The &kformula; home +page</ulink> +You must have &koffice; installed. &kformula; will not work without the rest of +&koffice; +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1 id="compilation"> +<title>Compilation and Installation</title> + + +&install.compile.documentation; + +</sect1> + +</appendix> + +&documentation.index; + +</book> +<!-- +Local Variables: +mode: sgml +sgml-minimize-attributes: nil +sgml-general-insert-case: lower +End: +--> + + + + + + + |