This chapter will introduce you to &umbrello;'s user interface and will tell you all you need to know to start modelling. All actions in &umbrello; are accessible via the menu and the toolbars, but &umbrello; also makes extensive use of &RMB; context menus. You can &RMB; click on almost any element in &umbrello;'s work area or tree view to get a menu with the most useful functions that can be applied to the particular element you are working on. Some users find this a little confusing at the beginning because they are more used to working with the menu or tool bars, but once you get used to right clicking it will greatly speed up your work. &umbrello;'s main window is divided in three areas that will help you keep an overview of your entire system and access the different diagrams quickly while working on your model. These areas are called: Tree View Work Area Documentation Window &umbrello;'s User Interface &umbrello;'s User Interface &umbrello;'s User Interface The Tree View is usually located on the top left hand side of the window and shows all the diagrams, classes, actors and use cases that build up your model. The Tree View allows you to have a quick overview of the elements composing your model. The Tree View also gives you a quick way to switch between the different diagrams in your model and inserting elements from your model into the current diagram. If you are working on a model with more than just a few classes and diagrams, the Tree View may help you stay on top of things by organising your model elements in folders. You can create folders by selecting the appropriate option from the context menu (&RMB; click on one of the folders in the tree view) and you can organise your elements by moving them to the appropriate folder (drag and drop) The Documentation Window is the small window located on the left bottom of &umbrello;, and it gives you a quick preview of the documentation for the currently selected item. The Documentation Window is rather small because it is intended to allow you just a quick pick into the element's documentation while taking as little screen space as possible. If you need to view the documentation in more detail you can always open the item's properties. The Work Area is the main window in &umbrello; and is where the real action takes place. You use the Work Area to edit and view the diagrams in your model. The Work Area shows the currently active diagram. Currently only one diagram can be shown on the Work Area at any time. The first thing you need to start doing something useful with &umbrello; is to create a model to work on. When you start &umbrello; it always loads the last used model or creates a new, empty model (depending on your preferences set in the configuration dialogue). This will allow you to start working right away. If at any time you need to create a new model you can do this by selecting the New entry from the File menu, or by clicking on the New icon from the application toolbar. If you are currently working on a model which has been modified &umbrello; will ask you if it should save your changes before loading the new model. You can save your model at any time by selecting the option Save from the File Menu or by clicking on the Save button from the application toolbar. If you need to save your model under a different name you can use the option Save As from the File Menu. For your convenience &umbrello; also offers you the option to automatically save your work each certain time period. You can configure if you want this option as well as the time intervals in the Settings from &umbrello; For loading an already existing model you may select the option Open from the File Menu or click on the Open icon from the application toolbar. The most recently used models are also available under the submenu Open Recent in the File Menu to speed up access to your most frequently used models. &umbrello; can only work on one model at a time, so if you ask the program to load a model for you and your current model has been modified since the last time you save it, &umbrello; will ask you whether your changes should be saved to prevent any loss of work. You can start two or more instances of &umbrello; at any one time, you can also copy and paste between instances. In &umbrello;, there are basically two ways for editing the elements in your model. Edit model elements directly through the Tree View Edit model elements through a Diagram Using the context menu of the different items in the Tree View you are able to add, remove, and modify almost all the elements in your model. Right clicking on the folders in the Tree View will give you options for creating the different types of diagrams as well as, depending on whether the folder is a Use Case View or a Logical View, Actors, Use Cases, Classes, etc. Once you have added elements to your model you can also edit an element by accessing its properties dialogue, which you find by selecting the option Properties from the context menu shown when right clicking on the items in the Tree View. You can also edit your model by creating or modifying elements through diagrams. More details on how to do this are given in the following sections. Your ¨ model consists of a set of ¨ elements and associations between them. However you cannot see the model directly, you use Diagrams to look at it. To create a new diagram in your model simply select the diagram type you need from the New submenu in the Diagram menu and give a name to it. The diagram will be created and made active, and you will immediately see it in the tree view. Remember that &umbrello; makes extensive use of context menus: you can also &RMB; click on a folder in the Tree View and select the appropriate diagram type from the New submenu in the context menu. Note that you can create Use Case Diagrams only in Use Case View folders, and the other types of diagram can only be created in the Logical View folders. Should you need to remove a diagram from your model, you can do this by making it active and selecting Delete from the Diagram Menu. You can also achieve this by selecting Delete from the diagrams context menu in the Tree View Since deleting a diagram is something serious that could cause loss of work if done by accident, &umbrello; will ask you to confirm the delete operation before actually removing the Diagram. Once a diagram has been deleted and the file has been saved there is no way to undo this action. If you want to change the name of an existing diagram you can easily do this by selecting the Rename option from its &RMB; menu in the Tree View. Another way to rename a diagram is to do this via its properties dialogue, which you obtain by selecting Properties from its Context Menu or by double clicking on it in the Tree View. When working on a diagram, &umbrello; will try to guide you by applying some simple rules as to which elements are valid in the different types of diagrams, as well as the relationships that can exist between them. If you are an ¨ expert you will probably not even notice it, but this will help ¨ novices create standard-conformant diagrams. Once you have created your diagrams it is time to start editing them. Here you should notice the (for beginners subtle) difference between editing your diagram, and editing the model. As you already know, Diagrams are views of your model. For example, if you create a class by editing a Class Diagram, you are really editing both, your Diagram and your model. If you change the colour or other display options of a Class in your Class Diagram, you are only editing the Diagram, but nothing is changed in your model. One of the first things you will do when editing a new diagram is to insert elements into them (Classes, Actors, Use Cases, &etc;) There is basically two ways of doing this: Dragging existing elements in your model from the Tree View Creating new elements in your model and adding them to your diagram at the same time, by using one of the edit Tools in the Work Toolbar To insert elements that already exist in your model, just drag them from the Tree View and drop them where you want them to be in your diagram. You can always move elements around in your Diagram using the Select Tool The second way of adding elements to your diagram is by using the Work Toolbar's edit tools (note that this will also add the elements to your model). The Work Toolbar was by default located on the far right of the application window, &umbrello; 1.2 has moved this to the top of the window. You can dock it into other edge or have it floating around if you prefer. The tools available on this toolbar (the buttons you see on it) change depending on the type of diagram you are currently working on. The button for the currently selected tool is activated in the toolbar. You can switch to the select tool by pressing the &Esc; key. When you have selected an edit tool from the Work Toolbar (for example, the tool to insert classes) the mouse pointer changes to a cross, and you can insert the elements in your model by single clicking in your diagram. Note that elements in ¨ must have a Unique Name. So that if you have a class in one diagram whose name is ClassA and then you use the insert Class tool to insert a class into another diagram you cannot name this new class ClassA as well. If these two are supposed to be two different elements, you have to give them a unique name. If you are trying to add the same element to your diagram, then the Insert Class is not the right tool for that. You should drag and drop the class from the Tree View instead. You can delete any element by selecting the option Delete from its context menu. Again, there is a big difference between removing an object from a diagram, and deleting an object from your model: If you delete an object from within a diagram, you are only removing the object from that particular diagram: the element will still be part of your model and if there are other diagrams using the same element they will not suffer any change. If, on the other hand, you delete the element from the Tree View, you are actually deleting the element from your model. Since the element no longer exist in your model, it will be automatically removed from all the diagrams it appears in. You can edit most of the ¨ elements in your model and diagrams by opening its Properties dialogue and selecting the appropriate options. To edit the properties of an object, select Properties from its context menu (&RMB; click). Each element has a dialogue consisting of several pages where you can configure the options corresponding to that element. For some elements, like actors you can only set a couple of options, like the object name and documentation, while for other elements, like classes, you can edit its attributes and operations, select what you want to be shown in the diagram (whole operation signature or just operation names, etc) and even the colours you want to use for the line and fill of the class' representation on the diagram. For most ¨ elements you can also open the properties dialogue by double clicking on it if you are using the selection tool (arrow). The exception to this is Associations, in which case a double click creates an anchor point. For associations you need to use the &RMB; context menu to get the properties dialogue. Note that you can also select the properties option from the context menu of the elements in the Tree View. This allows you to also edit the properties for the diagrams, like setting whether the grid should be shown or not. Even though editing the properties of all objects was already covered in the previous section, classes deserve a special section because they are a bit more complicated and have more options than most of the other ¨ elements. In the properties dialogue for a class you can set everything, from the colour it uses to the operations and attributes it has. The General Settings page of the properties dialogue is self-explanatory. Here you can change the class' name, visibility, documentation, &etc; This page is always available. In the Attributes Settings page you can add, edit, or delete attributes (variables) of the class. You can move attributes up and down the list by pressing the arrow button on the side. This page is always available. Similar to the Attribute Settings Page, in the Operation Settings Page you can add, edit, or remove operations for your class. When adding or editing an operation, you enter the basic data in the Operation Properties dialogue. If you want to add parameters to your operation you need to click the New Parameter button, which will show the Parameter Properties dialogue. This page is always available This page allows you to add class templates which are unspecified classes or datatypes. In Java 1.5 these will be called Generics. The Class Associations page shows all the associations of this class in the current diagram. Double clicking on an association shows its properties, and depending on the type of association you may modify some parameters here such as setting multiplicity and Role name. If the association does not allow such options be be modified, the Association Properties dialogue is read-only and you can only modify the documentation associated with this association. This page is only available if you open the Class Properties from within a diagram. If you select the class properties from the context menu in the Tree View this page is not available. In the Display Options page, you can set what is to be shown in the diagram. A class can be shown as only one rectangle with the class name in it (useful if you have many classes in your diagram, or are for the moment not interested in the details of each class) or as complete as showing packages, stereotypes, and attributes and operations with full signature and visibility Depending on the amount of information you want to see you can select the corresponding options in this page. The changes you make here are only display options for the diagram. This means that hiding a class' operations only makes them not to be shown in the diagram, but the operations are still there as part of your model. This option is only available if you select the class properties from within a Diagram. If you open the class properties from the Tree View this page is missing since such Display Options do not make sense in that case In the Widget Colour page you can configure the colours you want for the line and the fill of the widget. This option obviously makes sense only for classes displayed in diagrams, and is missing if you open the class' properties dialogue from the Tree View. Associations relate two ¨ objects to each other. Normally associations are defined between two classes, but some types of associations can also exist between use cases and actors. To create an association select the appropriate tool from the Work Toolbar (generic Association, Generalization, Aggregation, &etc;) and single click on the first element participating in the association and then single click on the second item participating. Note that those are two clicks, one on each of the objects participating in the association, it is not a drag from one object to the other. If you try to use an association in a way against the ¨ specification &umbrello; will refuse to create the association and you will get an error message. This would be the case if, for example, a Generalisation exists from class A to class B and then you try to create another Generalisation from Class B to class A Right clicking on an association will show a context menu with the actions you can apply on it. If you need to delete an association simply select the Delete option from this context menu. You can also select the Properties option and, depending on the association type edit attributes such as roles and multiplicity. Associations are drawn, by default, as a straight line connecting the two objects in the diagram. You can add anchor points to bend an association by double clicking some where along the association line. This will insert an anchor point (displayed as a blue point when the association line is selected) which you can move around to give shape to the association If you need to remove an anchor point, double click on it again to remove it Note that the only way to edit the properties of an association is through the context menu. If you try to double click on it as with other ¨ objects, this will only insert an anchor point. Notes, Lines Of Text and Boxes are elements that can be present in any type of diagram and have no real semantic value, but are very helpful to add extra comments or explanations that can make your diagram easier to understand. To add a Note or a Line Of Text, select the corresponding tool from the Work Toolbar and single click on the diagram where you want to put your comment. You can edit the text by opening the element through its context menu or in the case of notes by double clicking on them as well. Anchors are used to link a text note and another ¨ Element together. For example, you normally use a text note to explain or make some comment about a class or a particular association, in which case you can use the anchor to make it clear that the note belongs to that particular element. To add an anchor between a note and another ¨ element, use the anchor tool from the work toolbar. You first need to click on the note and then click on the ¨ element you want the note to be linked to.