Copy the KDE 3.5 branch to branches/trinity for new KDE 3.5 features.

BUG:215923


git-svn-id: svn://anonsvn.kde.org/home/kde/branches/trinity/kdebase@1054174 283d02a7-25f6-0310-bc7c-ecb5cbfe19da

1 files changed, 922 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/kwin/activation.cpp b/kwin/activation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2551519ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kwin/activation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,922 @@
+/*****************************************************************
+ KWin - the KDE window manager
+ This file is part of the KDE project.
+
+Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Matthias Ettrich <ettrich@kde.org>
+Copyright (C) 2003 Lubos Lunak <l.lunak@kde.org>
+
+You can Freely distribute this program under the GNU General Public
+License. See the file "COPYING" for the exact licensing terms.
+******************************************************************/
+
+/*
+
+ This file contains things relevant to window activation and focus
+ stealing prevention.
+
+*/
+
+#include "client.h"
+#include "workspace.h"
+
+#include <fixx11h.h>
+#include <qpopupmenu.h>
+#include <kxerrorhandler.h>
+#include <kstartupinfo.h>
+#include <kstringhandler.h>
+#include <klocale.h>
+
+#include "notifications.h"
+#include "atoms.h"
+#include "group.h"
+#include "rules.h"
+
+extern Time qt_x_time;
+
+namespace KWinInternal
+{
+
+/*
+ Prevention of focus stealing:
+
+ KWin tries to prevent unwanted changes of focus, that would result
+ from mapping a new window. Also, some nasty applications may try
+ to force focus change even in cases when ICCCM 4.2.7 doesn't allow it
+ (e.g. they may try to activate their main window because the user
+ definitely "needs" to see something happened - misusing
+ of QWidget::setActiveWindow() may be such case).
+
+ There are 4 ways how a window may become active:
+ - the user changes the active window (e.g. focus follows mouse, clicking
+   on some window's titlebar) - the change of focus will
+   be done by KWin, so there's nothing to solve in this case
+ - the change of active window will be requested using the _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW
+   message (handled in RootInfo::changeActiveWindow()) - such requests
+   will be obeyed, because this request is meant mainly for e.g. taskbar
+   asking the WM to change the active window as a result of some user action.
+   Normal applications should use this request only rarely in special cases.
+   See also below the discussion of _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFER.
+ - the change of active window will be done by performing XSetInputFocus()
+   on a window that's not currently active. ICCCM 4.2.7 describes when
+   the application may perform change of input focus. In order to handle
+   misbehaving applications, KWin will try to detect focus changes to
+   windows that don't belong to currently active application, and restore
+   focus back to the currently active window, instead of activating the window
+   that got focus (unfortunately there's no way to FocusChangeRedirect similar
+   to e.g. SubstructureRedirect, so there will be short time when the focus
+   will be changed). The check itself that's done is
+   Workspace::allowClientActivation() (see below).
+ - a new window will be mapped - this is the most complicated case. If
+   the new window belongs to the currently active application, it may be safely
+   mapped on top and activated. The same if there's no active window,
+   or the active window is the desktop. These checks are done by
+   Workspace::allowClientActivation().
+    Following checks need to compare times. One time is the timestamp
+   of last user action in the currently active window, the other time is
+   the timestamp of the action that originally caused mapping of the new window
+   (e.g. when the application was started). If the first time is newer than
+   the second one, the window will not be activated, as that indicates
+   futher user actions took place after the action leading to this new
+   mapped window. This check is done by Workspace::allowClientActivation().
+    There are several ways how to get the timestamp of action that caused
+   the new mapped window (done in Client::readUserTimeMapTimestamp()) :
+     - the window may have the _NET_WM_USER_TIME property. This way
+       the application may either explicitly request that the window is not
+       activated (by using 0 timestamp), or the property contains the time
+       of last user action in the application.
+     - KWin itself tries to detect time of last user action in every window,
+       by watching KeyPress and ButtonPress events on windows. This way some
+       events may be missed (if they don't propagate to the toplevel window),
+       but it's good as a fallback for applications that don't provide
+       _NET_WM_USER_TIME, and missing some events may at most lead
+       to unwanted focus stealing.
+     - the timestamp may come from application startup notification.
+       Application startup notification, if it exists for the new mapped window,
+       should include time of the user action that caused it.
+     - if there's no timestamp available, it's checked whether the new window
+       belongs to some already running application - if yes, the timestamp
+       will be 0 (i.e. refuse activation)
+     - if the window is from session restored window, the timestamp will
+       be 0 too, unless this application was the active one at the time
+       when the session was saved, in which case the window will be
+       activated if there wasn't any user interaction since the time
+       KWin was started.
+     - as the last resort, the _KDE_NET_USER_CREATION_TIME timestamp
+       is used. For every toplevel window that is created (see CreateNotify
+       handling), this property is set to the at that time current time.
+       Since at this time it's known that the new window doesn't belong
+       to any existing application (better said, the application doesn't
+       have any other window mapped), it is either the very first window
+       of the application, or its the only window of the application
+       that was hidden before. The latter case is handled by removing
+       the property from windows before withdrawing them, making
+       the timestamp empty for next mapping of the window. In the sooner
+       case, the timestamp will be used. This helps in case when
+       an application is launched without application startup notification,
+       it creates its mainwindow, and starts its initialization (that
+       may possibly take long time). The timestamp used will be older
+       than any user action done after launching this application.
+     - if no timestamp is found at all, the window is activated.
+    The check whether two windows belong to the same application (same
+   process) is done in Client::belongToSameApplication(). Not 100% reliable,
+   but hopefully 99,99% reliable.
+
+ As a somewhat special case, window activation is always enabled when
+ session saving is in progress. When session saving, the session
+ manager allows only one application to interact with the user.
+ Not allowing window activation in such case would result in e.g. dialogs
+ not becoming active, so focus stealing prevention would cause here
+ more harm than good.
+
+ Windows that attempted to become active but KWin prevented this will
+ be marked as demanding user attention. They'll get
+ the _NET_WM_STATE_DEMANDS_ATTENTION state, and the taskbar should mark
+ them specially (blink, etc.). The state will be reset when the window
+ eventually really becomes active.
+
+ There are one more ways how a window can become obstrusive, window stealing
+ focus: By showing above the active window, by either raising itself,
+ or by moving itself on the active desktop.
+     - KWin will refuse raising non-active window above the active one,
+         unless they belong to the same application. Applications shouldn't
+         raise their windows anyway (unless the app wants to raise one
+         of its windows above another of its windows).
+     - KWin activates windows moved to the current desktop (as that seems
+         logical from the user's point of view, after sending the window
+         there directly from KWin, or e.g. using pager). This means
+         applications shouldn't send their windows to another desktop
+         (SELI TODO - but what if they do?)
+
+ Special cases I can think of:
+    - konqueror reusing, i.e. kfmclient tells running Konqueror instance
+        to open new window
+        - without focus stealing prevention - no problem
+        - with ASN (application startup notification) - ASN is forwarded,
+            and because it's newer than the instance's user timestamp,
+            it takes precedence
+        - without ASN - user timestamp needs to be reset, otherwise it would
+            be used, and it's old; moreover this new window mustn't be detected
+            as window belonging to already running application, or it wouldn't
+            be activated - see Client::sameAppWindowRoleMatch() for the (rather ugly)
+            hack
+    - konqueror preloading, i.e. window is created in advance, and kfmclient
+        tells this Konqueror instance to show it later
+        - without focus stealing prevention - no problem
+        - with ASN - ASN is forwarded, and because it's newer than the instance's
+            user timestamp, it takes precedence
+        - without ASN - user timestamp needs to be reset, otherwise it would
+            be used, and it's old; also, creation timestamp is changed to
+            the time the instance starts (re-)initializing the window,
+            this ensures creation timestamp will still work somewhat even in this case
+    - KUniqueApplication - when the window is already visible, and the new instance
+        wants it to activate
+        - without focus stealing prevention - _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW - no problem
+        - with ASN - ASN is forwarded, and set on the already visible window, KWin
+            treats the window as new with that ASN
+        - without ASN - _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW as application request is used,
+                and there's no really usable timestamp, only timestamp
+                from the time the (new) application instance was started,
+                so KWin will activate the window *sigh*
+                - the bad thing here is that there's absolutely no chance to recognize
+                    the case of starting this KUniqueApp from Konsole (and thus wanting
+                    the already visible window to become active) from the case
+                    when something started this KUniqueApp without ASN (in which case
+                    the already visible window shouldn't become active)
+                - the only solution is using ASN for starting applications, at least silent
+                    (i.e. without feedback)
+    - when one application wants to activate another application's window (e.g. KMail
+        activating already running KAddressBook window ?)
+        - without focus stealing prevention - _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW - no problem
+        - with ASN - can't be here, it's the KUniqueApp case then
+        - without ASN - _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW as application request should be used,
+            KWin will activate the new window depending on the timestamp and
+            whether it belongs to the currently active application
+
+ _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW usage:
+ data.l[0]= 1 ->app request
+          = 2 ->pager request
+          = 0 - backwards compatibility
+ data.l[1]= timestamp
+*/
+
+
+//****************************************
+// Workspace
+//****************************************
+
+
+/*!
+  Informs the workspace about the active client, i.e. the client that
+  has the focus (or None if no client has the focus). This functions
+  is called by the client itself that gets focus. It has no other
+  effect than fixing the focus chain and the return value of
+  activeClient(). And of course, to propagate the active client to the
+  world.
+ */
+void Workspace::setActiveClient( Client* c, allowed_t )
+    {
+    if ( active_client == c )
+        return;
+    if( active_popup && active_popup_client != c && set_active_client_recursion == 0 ) 
+        closeActivePopup();
+    StackingUpdatesBlocker blocker( this );
+    ++set_active_client_recursion;
+    updateFocusMousePosition( QCursor::pos());
+    if( active_client != NULL )
+        { // note that this may call setActiveClient( NULL ), therefore the recursion counter
+        active_client->setActive( false, !c || !c->isModal() || c != active_client->transientFor() );
+        }
+    active_client = c;
+    Q_ASSERT( c == NULL || c->isActive());
+    if( active_client != NULL )
+        last_active_client = active_client;
+    if ( active_client ) 
+        {
+        updateFocusChains( active_client, FocusChainMakeFirst );
+        active_client->demandAttention( false );
+        }
+    pending_take_activity = NULL;
+
+    updateCurrentTopMenu();
+    updateToolWindows( false );
+    if( c )
+        disableGlobalShortcutsForClient( c->rules()->checkDisableGlobalShortcuts( false ));
+    else
+        disableGlobalShortcutsForClient( false );
+
+    updateStackingOrder(); // e.g. fullscreens have different layer when active/not-active
+
+    rootInfo->setActiveWindow( active_client? active_client->window() : 0 );
+    updateColormap();
+    --set_active_client_recursion;
+    }
+
+/*!
+  Tries to activate the client \a c. This function performs what you
+  expect when clicking the respective entry in a taskbar: showing and
+  raising the client (this may imply switching to the another virtual
+  desktop) and putting the focus onto it. Once X really gave focus to
+  the client window as requested, the client itself will call
+  setActiveClient() and the operation is complete. This may not happen
+  with certain focus policies, though.
+
+  \sa stActiveClient(), requestFocus()
+ */
+void Workspace::activateClient( Client* c, bool force )
+    {
+    if( c == NULL )
+        {
+        focusToNull();
+        setActiveClient( NULL, Allowed );
+        return;
+        }
+    raiseClient( c );
+    if (!c->isOnDesktop(currentDesktop()) )
+        {
+        ++block_focus;
+        setCurrentDesktop( c->desktop() );
+        --block_focus;
+        }
+    if( c->isMinimized())
+        c->unminimize();
+
+// TODO force should perhaps allow this only if the window already contains the mouse
+    if( options->focusPolicyIsReasonable() || force )
+        requestFocus( c, force );
+
+    // Don't update user time for clients that have focus stealing workaround.
+    // As they usually belong to the current active window but fail to provide
+    // this information, updating their user time would make the user time
+    // of the currently active window old, and reject further activation for it.
+    // E.g. typing URL in minicli which will show kio_uiserver dialog (with workaround),
+    // and then kdesktop shows dialog about SSL certificate.
+    // This needs also avoiding user creation time in Client::readUserTimeMapTimestamp().
+    if( !c->ignoreFocusStealing())
+        c->updateUserTime();
+    }
+
+/*!
+  Tries to activate the client by asking X for the input focus. This
+  function does not perform any show, raise or desktop switching. See
+  Workspace::activateClient() instead.
+
+  \sa Workspace::activateClient()
+ */
+void Workspace::requestFocus( Client* c, bool force )
+    {
+    takeActivity( c, ActivityFocus | ( force ? ActivityFocusForce : 0 ), false);
+    }
+    
+void Workspace::takeActivity( Client* c, int flags, bool handled )
+    {
+     // the 'if( c == active_client ) return;' optimization mustn't be done here
+    if (!focusChangeEnabled() && ( c != active_client) )
+        flags &= ~ActivityFocus;
+
+    if ( !c ) 
+        {
+        focusToNull();
+        return;
+        }
+
+    if( flags & ActivityFocus )
+        {
+        Client* modal = c->findModal();
+        if( modal != NULL && modal != c )	
+            { 
+            if( !modal->isOnDesktop( c->desktop()))
+                {
+                modal->setDesktop( c->desktop());
+                if( modal->desktop() != c->desktop()) // forced desktop
+                    activateClient( modal );
+                }
+            // if the click was inside the window (i.e. handled is set),
+            // but it has a modal, there's no need to use handled mode, because
+            // the modal doesn't get the click anyway
+            // raising of the original window needs to be still done
+            if( flags & ActivityRaise )
+                raiseClient( c );
+            c = modal;
+            handled = false;
+            }
+        cancelDelayFocus();
+        }
+    if ( !( flags & ActivityFocusForce ) && ( c->isTopMenu() || c->isDock() || c->isSplash()) )
+        flags &= ~ActivityFocus; // toplevel menus and dock windows don't take focus if not forced
+    if( c->isShade())
+        {
+        if( c->wantsInput() && ( flags & ActivityFocus ))
+            {
+        // client cannot accept focus, but at least the window should be active (window menu, et. al. )
+            c->setActive( true );
+            focusToNull();
+            }
+        flags &= ~ActivityFocus;
+        handled = false; // no point, can't get clicks
+        }
+    if( !c->isShown( true )) // shouldn't happen, call activateClient() if needed
+        {
+        kdWarning( 1212 ) << "takeActivity: not shown" << endl;
+        return;
+        }
+    c->takeActivity( flags, handled, Allowed );
+    }
+
+void Workspace::handleTakeActivity( Client* c, Time /*timestamp*/, int flags )
+    {
+    if( pending_take_activity != c ) // pending_take_activity is reset when doing restack or activation
+        return;
+    if(( flags & ActivityRaise ) != 0 )
+        raiseClient( c );
+    if(( flags & ActivityFocus ) != 0 && c->isShown( false ))
+        c->takeFocus( Allowed );
+    pending_take_activity = NULL;
+    }
+
+/*!
+  Informs the workspace that the client \a c has been hidden. If it
+  was the active client (or to-become the active client),
+  the workspace activates another one.
+
+  \a c may already be destroyed
+ */
+void Workspace::clientHidden( Client* c )
+    {
+    assert( !c->isShown( true ) || !c->isOnCurrentDesktop());
+    activateNextClient( c );
+    }
+
+// deactivates 'c' and activates next client
+bool Workspace::activateNextClient( Client* c )
+    {
+    // if 'c' is not the active or the to-become active one, do nothing
+    if( !( c == active_client
+            || ( should_get_focus.count() > 0 && c == should_get_focus.last())))
+        return false;
+    closeActivePopup();
+    if( c != NULL )
+        {
+        if( c == active_client )
+            setActiveClient( NULL, Allowed );
+        should_get_focus.remove( c );
+        }
+    if( focusChangeEnabled())
+        {
+        if ( options->focusPolicyIsReasonable())
+            { // search the focus_chain for a client to transfer focus to
+              // if 'c' is transient, transfer focus to the first suitable mainwindow
+            Client* get_focus = NULL;
+            const ClientList mainwindows = ( c != NULL ? c->mainClients() : ClientList());
+            for( ClientList::ConstIterator it = focus_chain[currentDesktop()].fromLast();
+                 it != focus_chain[currentDesktop()].end();
+                 --it )
+                {
+                if( !(*it)->isShown( false ) || !(*it)->isOnCurrentDesktop())
+                    continue;
+                if( mainwindows.contains( *it ))
+                    {
+                    get_focus = *it;
+                    break;
+                    }
+                if( get_focus == NULL )
+                    get_focus = *it;
+                }
+            if( get_focus == NULL )
+                get_focus = findDesktop( true, currentDesktop());
+            if( get_focus != NULL )
+                requestFocus( get_focus );
+            else
+                focusToNull();
+            }
+            else
+                return false;
+        }
+    else
+        // if blocking focus, move focus to the desktop later if needed
+        // in order to avoid flickering
+        focusToNull();
+    return true;
+    }
+
+
+void Workspace::gotFocusIn( const Client* c )
+    {
+    if( should_get_focus.contains( const_cast< Client* >( c )))
+        { // remove also all sooner elements that should have got FocusIn,
+      // but didn't for some reason (and also won't anymore, because they were sooner)
+        while( should_get_focus.first() != c )
+            should_get_focus.pop_front();
+        should_get_focus.pop_front(); // remove 'c'
+        }
+    }
+
+void Workspace::setShouldGetFocus( Client* c )
+    {
+    should_get_focus.append( c );
+    updateStackingOrder(); // e.g. fullscreens have different layer when active/not-active
+    }
+
+// focus_in -> the window got FocusIn event
+// session_active -> the window was active when saving session
+bool Workspace::allowClientActivation( const Client* c, Time time, bool focus_in )
+    {
+    // options->focusStealingPreventionLevel :
+    // 0 - none    - old KWin behaviour, new windows always get focus
+    // 1 - low     - focus stealing prevention is applied normally, when unsure, activation is allowed
+    // 2 - normal  - focus stealing prevention is applied normally, when unsure, activation is not allowed,
+    //              this is the default
+    // 3 - high    - new window gets focus only if it belongs to the active application,
+    //              or when no window is currently active
+    // 4 - extreme - no window gets focus without user intervention
+    if( time == -1U )
+        time = c->userTime();
+    int level = c->rules()->checkFSP( options->focusStealingPreventionLevel );
+    if( session_saving && level <= 2 ) // <= normal
+        {
+        return true;
+        }
+    Client* ac = mostRecentlyActivatedClient();
+    if( focus_in )
+        {
+        if( should_get_focus.contains( const_cast< Client* >( c )))
+            return true; // FocusIn was result of KWin's action
+        // Before getting FocusIn, the active Client already
+        // got FocusOut, and therefore got deactivated.
+        ac = last_active_client;
+        }
+    if( time == 0 ) // explicitly asked not to get focus
+        return false;
+    if( level == 0 ) // none
+        return true;
+    if( level == 4 ) // extreme
+        return false;
+    if( !c->isOnCurrentDesktop())
+        return false; // allow only with level == 0
+    if( c->ignoreFocusStealing())
+        return true;
+    if( ac == NULL || ac->isDesktop())
+        {
+//        kdDebug( 1212 ) << "Activation: No client active, allowing" << endl;
+        return true; // no active client -> always allow
+        }
+    // TODO window urgency  -> return true?
+    if( Client::belongToSameApplication( c, ac, true ))
+        {
+//        kdDebug( 1212 ) << "Activation: Belongs to active application" << endl;
+        return true;
+        }
+    if( level == 3 ) // high
+        return false;
+    if( time == -1U )  // no time known
+        {
+//        kdDebug( 1212 ) << "Activation: No timestamp at all" << endl;
+        if( level == 1 ) // low
+            return true;
+        // no timestamp at all, don't activate - because there's also creation timestamp
+        // done on CreateNotify, this case should happen only in case application
+        // maps again already used window, i.e. this won't happen after app startup
+        return false; 
+        }
+    // level == 2 // normal
+    Time user_time = ac->userTime();
+//    kdDebug( 1212 ) << "Activation, compared:" << c << ":" << time << ":" << user_time
+//        << ":" << ( timestampCompare( time, user_time ) >= 0 ) << endl;
+    return timestampCompare( time, user_time ) >= 0; // time >= user_time
+    }
+
+// basically the same like allowClientActivation(), this time allowing
+// a window to be fully raised upon its own request (XRaiseWindow),
+// if refused, it will be raised only on top of windows belonging
+// to the same application
+bool Workspace::allowFullClientRaising( const Client* c, Time time )
+    {
+    int level = c->rules()->checkFSP( options->focusStealingPreventionLevel );
+    if( session_saving && level <= 2 ) // <= normal
+        {
+        return true;
+        }
+    Client* ac = mostRecentlyActivatedClient();
+    if( level == 0 ) // none
+        return true;
+    if( level == 4 ) // extreme
+        return false;
+    if( ac == NULL || ac->isDesktop())
+        {
+//        kdDebug( 1212 ) << "Raising: No client active, allowing" << endl;
+        return true; // no active client -> always allow
+        }
+    if( c->ignoreFocusStealing())
+        return true;
+    // TODO window urgency  -> return true?
+    if( Client::belongToSameApplication( c, ac, true ))
+        {
+//        kdDebug( 1212 ) << "Raising: Belongs to active application" << endl;
+        return true;
+        }
+    if( level == 3 ) // high
+        return false;
+    Time user_time = ac->userTime();
+//    kdDebug( 1212 ) << "Raising, compared:" << time << ":" << user_time
+//        << ":" << ( timestampCompare( time, user_time ) >= 0 ) << endl;
+    return timestampCompare( time, user_time ) >= 0; // time >= user_time
+    }
+
+// called from Client after FocusIn that wasn't initiated by KWin and the client
+// wasn't allowed to activate
+void Workspace::restoreFocus()
+    {
+    // this updateXTime() is necessary - as FocusIn events don't have
+    // a timestamp *sigh*, kwin's timestamp would be older than the timestamp
+    // that was used by whoever caused the focus change, and therefore
+    // the attempt to restore the focus would fail due to old timestamp
+    updateXTime();
+    if( should_get_focus.count() > 0 )
+        requestFocus( should_get_focus.last());
+    else if( last_active_client )
+        requestFocus( last_active_client );
+    }
+
+void Workspace::clientAttentionChanged( Client* c, bool set )
+    {
+    if( set )
+        {
+        attention_chain.remove( c );
+        attention_chain.prepend( c );
+        }
+    else
+        attention_chain.remove( c );
+    }
+
+// This is used when a client should be shown active immediately after requestFocus(),
+// without waiting for the matching FocusIn that will really make the window the active one.
+// Used only in special cases, e.g. for MouseActivateRaiseandMove with transparent windows,
+bool Workspace::fakeRequestedActivity( Client* c )
+    {
+    if( should_get_focus.count() > 0 && should_get_focus.last() == c )
+        {
+        if( c->isActive())
+            return false;
+        c->setActive( true );
+        return true;
+        }
+    return false;
+    }
+
+void Workspace::unfakeActivity( Client* c )
+    {
+    if( should_get_focus.count() > 0 && should_get_focus.last() == c )
+        { // TODO this will cause flicker, and probably is not needed
+        if( last_active_client != NULL )
+            last_active_client->setActive( true );
+        else
+            c->setActive( false );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+//********************************************
+// Client
+//********************************************
+
+/*!
+  Updates the user time (time of last action in the active window).
+  This is called inside  kwin for every action with the window
+  that qualifies for user interaction (clicking on it, activate it
+  externally, etc.).
+ */
+void Client::updateUserTime( Time time )
+    { // copied in Group::updateUserTime
+    if( time == CurrentTime )
+        time = qt_x_time;
+    if( time != -1U
+        && ( user_time == CurrentTime
+            || timestampCompare( time, user_time ) > 0 )) // time > user_time
+        user_time = time;
+    group()->updateUserTime( user_time );
+    }
+
+Time Client::readUserCreationTime() const
+    {
+    long result = -1; // Time == -1 means none
+    Atom type;
+    int format, status;
+    unsigned long nitems = 0;
+    unsigned long extra = 0;
+    unsigned char *data = 0;
+    KXErrorHandler handler; // ignore errors?
+    status = XGetWindowProperty( qt_xdisplay(), window(),
+        atoms->kde_net_wm_user_creation_time, 0, 10000, FALSE, XA_CARDINAL,
+        &type, &format, &nitems, &extra, &data );
+    if (status  == Success )
+        {
+        if (data && nitems > 0)
+            result = *((long*) data);
+        XFree(data);
+        }
+    return result;       
+    }
+
+void Client::demandAttention( bool set )
+    {
+    if( isActive())
+        set = false;
+    if( demands_attention == set )
+        return;
+    demands_attention = set;
+    if( demands_attention )
+        {
+        // Demand attention flag is often set right from manage(), when focus stealing prevention
+        // steps in. At that time the window has no taskbar entry yet, so KNotify cannot place
+        // e.g. the passive popup next to it. So wait up to 1 second for the icon geometry
+        // to be set.
+        // Delayed call to KNotify also solves the problem of having X server grab in manage(),
+        // which may deadlock when KNotify (or KLauncher when launching KNotify) need to access X.
+        Notify::Event e = isOnCurrentDesktop() ? Notify::DemandAttentionCurrent : Notify::DemandAttentionOther;
+        // Setting the demands attention state needs to be done directly in KWin, because
+        // KNotify would try to set it, resulting in a call to KNotify again, etc.
+        if( Notify::makeDemandAttention( e ))
+            info->setState( set ? NET::DemandsAttention : 0, NET::DemandsAttention );
+
+        if( demandAttentionKNotifyTimer == NULL )
+            {
+            demandAttentionKNotifyTimer = new QTimer( this );
+            connect( demandAttentionKNotifyTimer, SIGNAL( timeout()), SLOT( demandAttentionKNotify()));
+            }
+        demandAttentionKNotifyTimer->start( 1000, true );
+        }
+    else
+        info->setState( set ? NET::DemandsAttention : 0, NET::DemandsAttention );
+    workspace()->clientAttentionChanged( this, set );
+    }
+
+void Client::demandAttentionKNotify()
+    {
+    Notify::Event e = isOnCurrentDesktop() ? Notify::DemandAttentionCurrent : Notify::DemandAttentionOther;
+    Notify::raise( e, i18n( "Window '%1' demands attention." ).arg( KStringHandler::csqueeze(caption())), this );
+    demandAttentionKNotifyTimer->stop();
+    demandAttentionKNotifyTimer->deleteLater();
+    demandAttentionKNotifyTimer = NULL;
+    }
+
+// TODO I probably shouldn't be lazy here and do it without the macro, so that people can read it
+KWIN_COMPARE_PREDICATE( SameApplicationActiveHackPredicate, const Client*,
+    // ignore already existing splashes, toolbars, utilities, menus and topmenus,
+    // as the app may show those before the main window
+    !cl->isSplash() && !cl->isToolbar() && !cl->isTopMenu() && !cl->isUtility() && !cl->isMenu()
+    && Client::belongToSameApplication( cl, value, true ) && cl != value);
+
+Time Client::readUserTimeMapTimestamp( const KStartupInfoId* asn_id, const KStartupInfoData* asn_data,
+    bool session ) const
+    {
+    Time time = info->userTime();
+//    kdDebug( 1212 ) << "User timestamp, initial:" << time << endl;
+    // newer ASN timestamp always replaces user timestamp, unless user timestamp is 0
+    // helps e.g. with konqy reusing
+    if( asn_data != NULL && time != 0 )
+        {
+        // prefer timestamp from ASN id (timestamp from data is obsolete way)
+        if( asn_id->timestamp() != 0
+            && ( time == -1U || timestampCompare( asn_id->timestamp(), time ) > 0 ))
+            {
+            time = asn_id->timestamp();
+            }
+        else if( asn_data->timestamp() != -1U
+            && ( time == -1U || timestampCompare( asn_data->timestamp(), time ) > 0 ))
+            {
+            time = asn_data->timestamp();
+            }
+        }
+//    kdDebug( 1212 ) << "User timestamp, ASN:" << time << endl;
+    if( time == -1U )
+        { // The window doesn't have any timestamp.
+      // If it's the first window for its application
+      // (i.e. there's no other window from the same app),
+      // use the _KDE_NET_WM_USER_CREATION_TIME trick.
+      // Otherwise, refuse activation of a window
+      // from already running application if this application
+      // is not the active one (unless focus stealing prevention is turned off).
+        Client* act = workspace()->mostRecentlyActivatedClient();
+        if( act != NULL && !belongToSameApplication( act, this, true ))
+            {
+            bool first_window = true;
+            if( isTransient())
+                {
+                if( act->hasTransient( this, true ))
+                    ; // is transient for currently active window, even though it's not
+                      // the same app (e.g. kcookiejar dialog) -> allow activation
+                else if( groupTransient() &&
+                    findClientInList( mainClients(), SameApplicationActiveHackPredicate( this )) == NULL )
+                    ; // standalone transient
+                else
+                    first_window = false;
+                }
+            else
+                {
+                if( workspace()->findClient( SameApplicationActiveHackPredicate( this )))
+                    first_window = false;
+                }
+            // don't refuse if focus stealing prevention is turned off
+            if( !first_window && rules()->checkFSP( options->focusStealingPreventionLevel ) > 0 )
+                {
+//                kdDebug( 1212 ) << "User timestamp, already exists:" << 0 << endl;
+                return 0; // refuse activation
+                }
+            }
+        // Creation time would just mess things up during session startup,
+        // as possibly many apps are started up at the same time.
+        // If there's no active window yet, no timestamp will be needed,
+        // as plain Workspace::allowClientActivation() will return true
+        // in such case. And if there's already active window,
+        // it's better not to activate the new one.
+        // Unless it was the active window at the time
+        // of session saving and there was no user interaction yet,
+        // this check will be done in manage().
+        if( session )
+            return -1U;
+        if( ignoreFocusStealing() && act != NULL )
+            time = act->userTime();
+        else
+            time = readUserCreationTime();
+        }
+//    kdDebug( 1212 ) << "User timestamp, final:" << this << ":" << time << endl;
+    return time;
+    }
+
+Time Client::userTime() const
+    {
+    Time time = user_time;
+    if( time == 0 ) // doesn't want focus after showing
+        return 0;
+    assert( group() != NULL );
+    if( time == -1U
+         || ( group()->userTime() != -1U
+                 && timestampCompare( group()->userTime(), time ) > 0 ))
+        time = group()->userTime();
+    return time;
+    }
+
+/*!
+  Sets the client's active state to \a act.
+
+  This function does only change the visual appearance of the client,
+  it does not change the focus setting. Use
+  Workspace::activateClient() or Workspace::requestFocus() instead.
+
+  If a client receives or looses the focus, it calls setActive() on
+  its own.
+
+ */
+void Client::setActive( bool act, bool updateOpacity_)
+    {
+    if ( active == act )
+        return;
+    active = act;
+    workspace()->setActiveClient( act ? this : NULL, Allowed );
+    
+    if (updateOpacity_) updateOpacity();
+    if (isModal() && transientFor())
+    {
+        if (!act) transientFor()->updateOpacity();
+        else if (!transientFor()->custom_opacity) transientFor()->setOpacity(options->translucentActiveWindows, options->activeWindowOpacity);
+    }
+    updateShadowSize();
+    
+    if ( active )
+        Notify::raise( Notify::Activate );
+
+    if( !active )
+        cancelAutoRaise();
+
+    if( !active && shade_mode == ShadeActivated )
+        setShade( ShadeNormal );
+        
+    StackingUpdatesBlocker blocker( workspace());
+    workspace()->updateClientLayer( this ); // active windows may get different layer
+    // TODO optimize? mainClients() may be a bit expensive
+    ClientList mainclients = mainClients();
+    for( ClientList::ConstIterator it = mainclients.begin();
+         it != mainclients.end();
+         ++it )
+        if( (*it)->isFullScreen()) // fullscreens go high even if their transient is active
+            workspace()->updateClientLayer( *it );
+    if( decoration != NULL )
+        decoration->activeChange();
+    updateMouseGrab();
+    updateUrgency(); // demand attention again if it's still urgent
+    }
+
+void Client::startupIdChanged()
+    {
+    KStartupInfoId asn_id;
+    KStartupInfoData asn_data;
+    bool asn_valid = workspace()->checkStartupNotification( window(), asn_id, asn_data );
+    if( !asn_valid )
+        return;
+    // If the ASN contains desktop, move it to the desktop, otherwise move it to the current
+    // desktop (since the new ASN should make the window act like if it's a new application
+    // launched). However don't affect the window's desktop if it's set to be on all desktops.
+    int desktop = workspace()->currentDesktop();
+    if( asn_data.desktop() != 0 )
+        desktop = asn_data.desktop();
+    if( !isOnAllDesktops())
+        workspace()->sendClientToDesktop( this, desktop, true );
+    Time timestamp = asn_id.timestamp();
+    if( timestamp == 0 && asn_data.timestamp() != -1U )
+        timestamp = asn_data.timestamp();
+    if( timestamp != 0 )
+        {
+        bool activate = workspace()->allowClientActivation( this, timestamp );
+        if( asn_data.desktop() != 0 && !isOnCurrentDesktop())
+            activate = false; // it was started on different desktop than current one
+        if( activate )
+            workspace()->activateClient( this );
+        else
+            demandAttention();
+        }
+    }
+
+void Client::updateUrgency()
+    {
+    if( urgency )
+        demandAttention();
+    }
+
+void Client::shortcutActivated()
+    {
+    workspace()->activateClient( this, true ); // force
+    }
+
+//****************************************
+// Group
+//****************************************
+    
+void Group::startupIdChanged()
+    {
+    KStartupInfoId asn_id;
+    KStartupInfoData asn_data;
+    bool asn_valid = workspace()->checkStartupNotification( leader_wid, asn_id, asn_data );
+    if( !asn_valid )
+        return;
+    if( asn_id.timestamp() != 0 && user_time != -1U
+        && timestampCompare( asn_id.timestamp(), user_time ) > 0 )
+        {
+        user_time = asn_id.timestamp();
+        }
+    else if( asn_data.timestamp() != -1U && user_time != -1U
+        && timestampCompare( asn_data.timestamp(), user_time ) > 0 )
+        {
+        user_time = asn_data.timestamp();
+        }
+    }
+
+void Group::updateUserTime( Time time )
+    { // copy of Client::updateUserTime
+    if( time == CurrentTime )
+        time = qt_x_time;
+    if( time != -1U
+        && ( user_time == CurrentTime
+            || timestampCompare( time, user_time ) > 0 )) // time > user_time
+        user_time = time;
+    }
+
+} // namespace