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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
-<html>
-<head>
-<title>Pythonize class and libpythonize</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-<div class="NAVHEADER">
-<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
-<TR>
-<TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="center">Python Bindings for KDE (PyKDE-3.16.0)</TH>
-</TR>
-<tr>
-<td width="33%" align="left" valign="bottom">
-<a href="panapp5.html" accesskey="P" >Prev</a>
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-<td width="33%" align="right" valign="bottom"></td>
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-<hr align="LEFT" width="100%">
-<div align="center"><h1>Pythonize Class and libpythonize</h1></div>
-<p>
-libPythonize and the Pythonize class simplify embedding, loading and communicating with the Python
-interpreter. Pythonize is a class with methods for handling the interpreter and is included in libpythonize.
-Also in libpythonize is a C wrapper for the C++ Pythonize class. There is also a standalone C library
-libpythonizec, written completely in C. All 3 versions (C++, C and C wrapper) use the same methods/functions
-and the same args - the only major difference is in initialization and finalization.
-</p>
-<p>
-The method descriptions here apply to both C and C++ versions unless noted.
-</p>
-<p>
-Although libpythonize is used with (and installed with) PyKDE, it has no dependencies itself on
-PyKDE/KDE, PyQt/Qt or sip. It does require qmake from TrollTech (part of Qt) to build.
-</p>
-
-<h2>Initialization and Finalization</h2>
-In C++, the interpreter is loaded and initialized using the Pythonize () constructor, which takes
-no arguments. In C, the initialize() function call accomplishes the same thing.
-
-The interpreter is finalized in C++ using the destructor ~Pythonize (). In C, the finalize() function
-accomplishes the same thing.
-
-<h2>Threading and Locking</h2>
-<p>
-Pythonize obtains the Python global interpreter lock when it initializes Python. It is currently the
-programmer's responsibility to release the lock when C++ accesses to the interpreter are complete. If
-the lock is not released, access will be denied to Python code relying on the interpreter (for example
-bindings like PyQt or PyKDE).
-</p>
-<p>
-If a second instance of Pythonize is created (within the same parent process), that instance will acquire
-the lock automatically. In order to allow a second (and third or more) instance of Pythonize to be
-created and obtain the lock, it's necessary to have a related thread state (PyThreadState). This thread
-state is created by a call to PyThreadState_Get when the first instance of Pythonize is created. The
-thread state is stored in a global variable (declared in the cpp file) that is used by all subsequent
-instances of Pythonize. This means that applications using libpythonize are mormally single-threaded,
-at least in relation to the libpythonize interpreter instance. This is important for utilization with
-sip-based bindings like PyKDE and PyQt.
-</p>
-<p>
-The global thread state is accessible via the getThreadState/setThreadState methods.
-</p>
-<h2>Methods/Functions</h2>
-<p>
-Methods are either called directly in C or as class members in C++. In C, int variables/values are
-used instead of bool.
-</p>
-<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
-<tr>
-<td>
-<pre CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING">
-C++:
- Pythonize *pyize = Pythonize ();
- ...
- bool result = pyize->appendToSysPath ("/usr/local/foo");
-
-C:
- initialize ();
- ...
- int result = appendToSysPath ("/usr/local/foo");
-</pre>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<hr>
-<h3>Pythonize () [C++] or initialize () [C]</h3>
-<p>
-Constructor/initializer - loads and initializaes the interpreter and acquires the global interpreter lock.
-Sets the value of pythonInit to <b>true</b> on success or <b>false</b> if construction/initialization fails
-Initializes the global thread state (first instance) or restores the global thread state (second and later
-instances). It is the programmer's resposibility to release the global interpreter lock to enable other
-code to access the interpreter. The lock and thread state are automatically acquired when any Pythonize
-instance is created..
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>bool getPythonInit ()</h3>
-<p>
-Returns the result of initializing/constructing the interpreter object. If the
-return value is <strong>true</strong>, the interpreter should be usable.
-If it returns <strong>false</strong>, an error occurred and the interpreter
-will not be useful. Most methods/functions check the value of pythonInit
-and won't run if it's <strong>false</strong>
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>~Pythonize () [C++] or finalize () [C]</h3>
-<p>
-Destructor/finalizer - shuts down the interpreter and destroys the class Sets pythonInit to <b>false</b>.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>bool appendToSysPath (const char* newPath);</h3>
-<p>
-Appends newPath to sys.path
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>PyObject *importModule (char *moduleName);</h3>
-<p>
-Imports a module into the interpreter. Same as "import <moduleName>" in Python. moduleName
-must exist somewhere on sys.path. Returns a reference to the module imported. Returns <b>NULL</b> on failure.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>PyObject *getNewObjectRef (PyObject *module, char *object)</h3>
-<p>
-Returns a reference to an object in an already loaded module (use importModule to load
-the module or get a reference to it) Returns <b>NULL</b> on failure.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>PyObject *getSysModule ()</h3>
-<p>
-Returns a reference to the Python sys module. Returns <b>NULL</b> on failure.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>PyObject *getMainModule ()</h3>
-<p>
-Returns a reference to the Python main module. Returns <b>NULL</b> on failure.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>[internal] void *setMainModule ()</h3>
-<p>
-Sets internal value of main module
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>void decref (PyObject *object)</h3>
-<p>
-Uses Py_XDECREF to decrement the reference count of an object
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>bool runScript (char *scriptPath);</h3>
-<p>
-Runs an arbitrary script in the interpreter and returns Python's result.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>bool runString (char *str);</h3>
-<p>
-Runs an arbitrary string in the interpreter (indentation required for mulit-line
-strings) and returns Python's result.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>PyObject *runFunction (PyObject *object, PyObject *args);</h3>
-<p>
-If <em>object</em> is callable, runs <em>object</em> with <em>args</em> and
-returns the results of the function call as a PyObject. Returns <b>NULL</b> on failure.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>void releaseLock ()</h3>
-<p>
-Releases the global interpreter lock using PyEval_SaveThread. Saves the global thread state.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>void acquireLock ()</h3>
-<p>
-Acquires the global interpreter lock using PyEval_RestoreThread. Restores the global thread state.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>PyThreadState *getThreadState ()</h3>
-<p>
-Retrieves the current value of the global thread state. Does not affect the global interpreter lock.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h3>PyThreadState *setThreadState (PyThreadState *tstate)</h3>
-<p>
-Sets the global thread state to <i>tstate</i> and returns the previous global thread state. Does
-not affect the global interpreter lock.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<h2>Using libpythonize in an application</h2>
-<p>
-Include the pythonize.h header file (requires Python.h) and link to libpythonize.so - that's pretty much it. There are unit tests
-in both C and C++ in the pythonize/tests/ subdirectory. An example of libpythonize usage is in pykpanelapplet.cpp in the
-PyKDE distribution (pykpanelapplet/ directory).
-</p>
-<h2>Obtaining and building libpythonize</h2>
-<p>
-At present only the C++/C wrapper versions are available, and they're distributed with PyKDE.
-</p>
-<p>
-The build process for libpythonize uses TrollTech's qmake (available as part of Qt), but is simple enough
-to be included in most make files. See the pythonize.pro file for more information - most of the additional
-libs required are required by libpython, and may vary by platform.
-</p>
-<p>
-You can contact me at this address: <a href="mailto:jbublitz@nwinternet.com">Jim Bublitz &lt;jbublitz@nwinternet.com&gt;</a>
-</p>
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