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diff --git a/kiten/edict_doc.html b/kiten/edict_doc.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fc52d1e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/kiten/edict_doc.html @@ -0,0 +1,695 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> +<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="Jim's Markup Program - V0.99"> +<TITLE>EDICT Documentation</TITLE> +</HEAD> +<BODY BGCOLOR="white"> +<!-- DO NOT EDIT!! +This HTML document was generated by the "markup" program. +Edit the original file instead. --> +<H1 ALIGN=CENTER> E D I C T </H1> +<P> +</P> +<H2 ALIGN=CENTER> JAPANESE/ENGLISH DICTIONARY FILE</H2> +<BASEFONT SIZE="3"> +<P> +<I>Copyright (C) 2003 The Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group,</I> +<I>Monash University.</I> +</P> +<P> +Contents: +</P> +<UL> +<li><a href="#IREF00">INTRODUCTION</a> +<li><a href="#IREF01">CURRENT VERSION </a> +<li><a href="#IREF02">FORMAT</a> +<li><a href="#IREF03">EDICT HISTORY</a> +<li><a href="#IREF04">COPYRIGHT ISSUES</a> +<li><a href="#IREF05">LEXICOGRAPHICAL DETAILS</a> +<li><a href="#IREF06">NEW JMDICT PROJECT</a> +<li><a href="#IREF07">USAGE</a> +<li><a href="#IREF08">CONTRIBUTIONS</a> +<li><a href="#IREF09">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a> +<li><a href="#IREF10">APPENDIX A: EDICT LICENCE STATEMENT</a> +<li><a href="#IREF11">APPENDIX B. LANGUAGE CODES FROM ISO 639</a> +</UL> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF00">INTRODUCTION</a></b> +</P> +<P> +The EDICT file results from a long-running project to produce a freely +available Japanese/English Dictionary in machine-readable form. +</P> +<P> +The EDICT file is copyright, and is distributed in accordance with the +Licence Statement, which can found at the WWW site of the + <a HREF="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/groups/edrdg/">Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group </a> +who are the owners of the copyright. +</P> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF01">CURRENT VERSION </a></b> +</P> +<P> +The version date and sequence number is included in the dictionary itself +under the entry "EDICT". (Actually it is under the JIS-ASCII code "????". +This keeps it as the first entry when it is sorted.) +</P> +<P> +The master copy of EDICT is in the pub/nihongo directory of +<TT> ftp.cc.monash.edu.au. </TT> +There are other copies around, but they may not be +as up-to-date. The easy way to check if the version you have is the latest is +from the size/date. +</P> +<P> +As of V96-001, the EDICT file no longer contains proper names. These have +been moved to a separate file called "ENAMDICT". +From V99-002, the EDICT file has been generated from an extended dictionary +database which includes additional fields and information. See the later +section on the new JMdict project for details of this. +</P> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF02">FORMAT</a></b> +</P> +<P> +EDICT's format is that of the original "EDICT" format used by the early +PC Japanese word-processor MOKE (Mark's Own Kanji Editor). +It uses EUC-JP coding for kana and kanji, however this can be converted to +JIS (ISO-2022-JP) or Shift-JIS +by any of the several conversion programs around. It is a text file with one +entry per line. The format of entries is: +</P> +<P> +</P> +<PRE> +KANJI [KANA] /English_1/English_2/.../ +</PRE> +<P> +or +</P> +<P> +</P> +<PRE> +KANA /English_1/.../ +</PRE> +<P> +(NB: Only the KANJI and KANA are in EUC; all the other characters, including +spaces, must be ASCII.) +</P> +<P> +The English translations are deliberately brief, as the application of the +dictionary is expected to be primarily on-line look-ups, etc. +</P> +<P> +The EDICT file is not intended to have its entries in any particular order. +In fact it almost always is in order as a by-product of the update method I +use, however there is no guarantee of this. (The order is almost always JIS ++ alphabetical, starting with the head-word.) +</P> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF03">EDICT HISTORY</a></b> +</P> +<P> +EDICT has developed as follows: +</P> +<OL type="a"> +<LI> +it began with the basic EDICT distributed with MOKE 2.0. This was compiled by MOKE's +author, Mark Edwards, with assistance from Spencer Green. Mark +kindly released this material to the EDICT project. A number of corrections +were made to the MOKE original, e.g. spelling mistakes, minor +mistranslations, etc. It also had a lot of duplications, which have been +removed. It contained about 1900 unique entries. Mark Edwards has also +kindly given permission for the vocabulary files developed for KG (Kanji +Guess) to be added to EDICT. +</LI> +<LI> +additions by Jim Breen. I laboriously keyed in a ~2000 entry dictionary +used in my first year nihongo course at Swinburne Institute of Technology +years ago (I was given permission by the authors to do this). I then worked +through other vocabulary lists trying to make sure major entries were not +omitted. The English-to-kana entries in the SKK files were added also. This +task is continuing, although it has slowed down, and I suspect I will run out +of energy eventually. Apart from that, I have made a large number of +additions during normal reading of Japanese text and fj.* news using JREADER +and XJDIC. (As of November 2001 I am still adding entries.) +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI> +additions by others. Many people have contributed entries and +corrections to EDICT. I am forever on the lookout for sources of material, +provided it is genuinely available for use in the Project. I am +grateful to Theresa Martin who an early supplier a lot of useful material, +plus very perceptive corrections. Hidekazu Tozaki has also been a great help +with tidying up a lot of awry entries, and helping me identify obscure kanji +compounds. Kurt Stueber has been an assiduous keyer of many useful entries. +A large group of contributions came from Sony, where Rik Smoody had put +together a large online dictionary. Another batch came from the +Japanese-German JDDICT file in similar format that Helmut Goldenstein keyed +(with permission) from the Langenscheidt edited by Hadamitzky. Harold Rowe +was great help with much of the translation. During 1994, Dr Yo Tomita, then +at the University of Leeds, conducted a massive proof-reading of the entire +file, for which I am most grateful. Jeffrey Friedl at Omron in Kyoto has also +been a most helpful contributor and error-detector. During 1995, I have been +keeping an eye on the "honyaku" mailing list, wherein Japanese-English +translators discuss thorny issues. From this I have derived many new entries, +and many updates to existing entries. To the many honyakujin, my thanks. +</LI> +</OL> +A reasonably full list of contributors is at the back of this file, +although I am sure to have missed a few. +<P> +At this stage EDICT has many more entries than many good commercial dictionaries, +which typically have 20,000+ non-name entries with examples, etc. It is +certainly bigger than some of the smaller printed dictionaries, and when used +in conjunction with a search-and-display program like JDIC or XJDIC it +provides a highly effective on-line dictionary service. +</P> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF04">COPYRIGHT ISSUES</a></b> +</P> +<P> +Dictionary copyright is a difficult point, because clearly the first +lexicographer who published "inu means dog" could not claim a copyright +violation over all subsequent Japanese dictionaries. While it is usual to +consult other dictionaries for "accurate lexicographic information", as +Nelson put it, wholesale copying is, of course, not permissible. What makes +each dictionary unique (and copyrightable) is the particular selection of +words, the phrasing of the meanings, the presentation of the contents (a very +important point in the case of EDICT), and the means of publication. Of +course, the fact that for the most part the kanji and kana of each entry are +coming from public sources, and the structure and layout of the entries +themselves are quite unlike those in any published dictionary, adds a degree +of protection to EDICT. +</P> +<P> +The advice I have received from people who know about these things is that +EDICT is just as much a new dictionary as any others on the market. Readers +may see an entry which looks familiar, and say "Aha! That comes from the XYZ +Jiten!". They may be right, and they may be wrong. After all there aren't +too many translations of neko. Let me make one thing quite clear, despite +considerable temptation (Electronic Books can be easily decoded), NONE of +this dictionary came from commercial machine-readable dictionaries. I have a +case of RSI in my right elbow to prove it. +</P> +<P> +Please do not contribute entries to EDICT which have come directly from +copyrightable sources. It is hard to check these, and you may be +jeopardizing EDICT's status. +</P> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF05">LEXICOGRAPHICAL DETAILS</a></b> +</P> +<P> +<B>Introduction</B> +</P> +<P> +EDICT is actually a Japanese->English dictionary, although the words within +it can be selected in either language using appropriate software. (JDIC uses +it to provide both E->J and J->E functionality.) +</P> +<P> +The early stages of EDICT had size limitations due to its usage (MOKE scans +it sequentially and JDXGEN, which is JDIC's index generator, held it in RAM.) +This meant that examples of usage could not be included, and inclusion of +phrases was very limited. JDIC/JDXGEN can now handle a much larger +dictionary, but the compact format has continued. +</P> +<P> +No inflections of verbs or adjectives have been included, except in idiomatic +expressions. Similarly particles are handled as separate entries. Adverbs +formed from adjectives (-ku or ni) are generally not included. Verbs are, of +course, in the plain or "dictionary" form. +</P> +<P> +<B>Priority Entries</B> +</P> +<P> +Starting with the 2001 editions, approximately 20,000 entries comprising the most commonly-used words in Japanese are marked +with a "(P)" at the end of the entry. This list has been identified by +examining several small +dictionaries, and lists of common gairaigo from Japanese newspapers. +</P> +<P> +<B>Parts of Speech</B> +</P> +<P> +In working on EDICT, bearing in mind I want to use it in MOKE and with JDIC, +I had to come up with a solution to the problem of adjectival nouns +[keiyoudoushi] (e.g. kirei and kantan), nouns which can be used adjectivally +with the particle "no" and verbs formed by adding suru (e.g. benkyousuru). +If I put entries in EDICT with the "na" and "suru" included, MOKE would not +find a match when they are omitted or, the case of suru, inflected. What I +decided to do is to put the basic noun into the dictionary and add +"(vs)" where it can be used to form a verb with suru, "(a-no)" for common +"no" usage, and "(an)" if it is an adjectival noun. Entries appeared as: +</P> +<P> +</P> +<PRE> +KANJI [benkyou] /study (vs)/ +KANJI [kantan] /simple (an)/ +</PRE> +<P> +In early 2001, as part of the JMdict project (see below), I completely revised +this system, instead introducing a comprehensive system of Part of Speech +(POS) tags. In the EDICT version of the file these tags usually appear in +parentheses +at the start of the entry, separated into general tags and POS tags. Where +a tag applies to a single gloss or meaning, it will be included there instead. +</P> +<P> +The (hopefully) full list of such markers is: +</P> +<P> +</P> +<PRE> +abbr abbreviation +adj adjective (keiyoushi) +adv adverb (fukushi) +adv-n adverbial noun +adj-na adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi) +adj-no nouns which may take the genitive case particle "no" +adj-pn pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi) +adj-s special adjective (e.g. ookii) +adj-t "taru" adjective +arch archaism +ateji ateji reading of the kanji +aux auxiliary word or phrase +aux-v auxiliary verb +conj conjunction +col colloquialism +exp Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.) +ek exclusively kanji, rarely just in kana +fam familiar language +fem female term or language +gikun gikun (meaning) reading +gram grammatical term +hon honorific or respectful (sonkeigo) language +hum humble (kenjougo) language +id idiomatic expression +int interjection (kandoushi) +iK word containing irregular kanji usage +ik word containing irregular kana usage +io irregular okurigana usage +MA martial arts term +male male term or language +m-sl manga slang +n noun (common) (futsuumeishi) +n-adv adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi) +n-t noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi) +n-suf noun, used as a suffix +n-pref noun, used as a prefix +neg negative (in a negative sentence, or with negative verb) +neg-v negative verb (when used with) +num number, numeric +obs obsolete term +obsc obscure term +oK word containing out-dated kanji +ok out-dated or obsolete kana usage +pol polite (teineigo) language +pref prefix +prt particle +qv quod vide (see another entry) +sl slang +suf suffix +uK word usually written using kanji alone +uk word usually written using kana alone +v1 Ichidan verb +v5 Godan verb (not completely classified) +v5u Godan verb with `u' ending +v5u-s Godan verb with `u' ending - special class +v5k Godan verb with `ku' ending +v5g Godan verb with `gu' ending +v5s Godan verb with `su' ending +v5t Godan verb with `tsu' ending +v5n Godan verb with `nu' ending +v5b Godan verb with `bu' ending +v5m Godan verb with `mu' ending +v5r Godan verb with `ru' ending +v5k-s Godan verb - Iku/Yuku special class +v5z Godan verb - -zuru special class (alternative form of -jiru verbs) +v5aru Godan verb - -aru special class +v5uru Godan verb - Uru old class verb (old form of Eru) +vi intransitive verb +vs noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru +vs-i suru verb - irregular +vs-s suru verb - special class +vk Kuru verb - special class +vt transitive verb +vulg vulgar expression or word +X rude or X-rated term (not displayed in educational software) +</PRE> +<P> +<B>Multiple Senses</B> +</P> +<P> +From the 2001 editions of EDICT, the differing senses associated with +the Japanese head-words are being progessively marked. The marking takes the +form of a "(1)", "(2)", etc. in front of the senses. +</P> +<P> +<B>Spellings</B> +</P> +<P> +I have endeavoured to cater for many possible variants of English translation +and spelling. Where appropriate different translations are included for +national variants (e.g. autumn/fall). I use Oxford (British) standard +spelling (-our, -ize) for the entries I make, but I leave other entries in +the national spelling of the submitter. +</P> +<P> +At some stage in the future I intend to regularize the English spellings in such +a way that allows searches on either British or American spellings +to be successful. +</P> +<P> +<B>Gairaigo and Regional Words</B> +</P> +<P> +For gairaigo which have not been derived from English words, I have attempted +to indicate the source language and the word in that language. Languages have +been coded in the two-letter codes from the ISO 639:1988 "Code for the +representation of names of languages" standard, e.g. "(fr: avec)". See +Appendix C for more on this. (Thanks to Holger Gruber for suggesting this +language coding.) +</P> +<P> +In addition to the language codes described in Appendix C, a number of tags +are used to indicate that a word or phrase is associated with a particular +regional language variant within Japan. The tags are: +</P> +<P> +</P> +<PRE> +kyb Kyoto-ben +osb Osaka-ben +ksb Kansai-ben +ktb Kantou-ben +tsb Tosa-ben +</PRE> +<P> +In the case of gairaigo which have a meaning which is not apparent from the +original (English) words, the literal transcription is included, with +the tag (lit). +</P> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF06">NEW JMDICT PROJECT</a></b> +</P> +<P> +Early in 1999 work began on the JMdict project, which aims to extend the +structure and content of the EDICT file to enable it to contain +additional information and provided an improved service to users. +</P> +<P> +The project has several broad goals: +</P> +<OL type="a"> +<LI>to convert the EDICT file to a new dictionary structure which overcomes +the deficiencies in the current structure. With regard to this goal, the +particular structural and content aspects to be addressed include, but +are not limited to: +<OL type="i"> +<LI>the handling of orthographical variation (e.g. in kanji +usage, okurigana usage, readings) within the single entry; +</LI> +<LI>additional and more appropriately associated tagging of +grammatical and other information; +</LI> +<LI>provision for separation of different senses (polysemy) in +the translations; +</LI> +<LI>provision for the inclusion of translational equivalents +from several languages; +</LI> +<LI>provision for inclusion of examples of the usage of words; +</LI> +<LI>provision for cross-references to related entries. +</LI> +</OL> +</LI> +<LI>to publish the dictionary in a standard format which is accessible +by a wide range of software tools; [It is proposed that this goal be +addressed by developing the structure so that it can be released as +an XML document, with an associated XML DTD. +</LI> +<LI>to retain backward compatibility with the original EDICT structure in +order to enable legacy software systems to use later versions of the +EDICT files. +</LI> +</OL> +For more information on the JMdict project, please see the documentation +files. +<P> +By May 1999 the EDICT file had been converted into the new format. A major +part of this consisted of identifying and combining entries which were +effectively variants of each other. +</P> +<P> +Since V99-002, the EDICT file has been generated from the new format. +This has meant: +</P> +<OL type="a"> +<LI>a marginal increase in the number of entries, as there is an increased +number of variants; +</LI> +<LI>the English fields of the variant entries are now exactly the same, +as they have generated from the single expanded entry; +</LI> +<LI>the tags such as (vs), (an), etc. now appear before the first word +of the English fields. +</LI> +</OL> +<b><a name="IREF07">USAGE</a></b> +<P> +EDICT can be freely used provided satisfactory acknowledgement is made, +and a number of other conditions are met. +Consult the Licence Statement information at Appendix A. +</P> +<P> +It is, of course, the main dictionary used by PD and GPL Copyright software +such as JDIC, JREADER, XJDIC, MacJDic, etc. It can be used as the +dictionary within MOKE (it may need to be renamed JTOE.DCT if used with +version 2.1 of MOKE), and it is also used by the NJSTAR and JWP Word +Processor packages. +</P> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF08">CONTRIBUTIONS</a></b> +</P> +<P> +I will be delighted if people send me corrections, suggestions, and ESPECIALLY +additions. Before ripping in with a lot of suggestions, make sure you have the +latest version, as others may have already made the same comments. +</P> +<P> +The preferred format for submissions is a JIS, EUC or Shift-JIS file (uuencoded +for safety) containing replacement/new entries. This can be emailed to me at +the address at the end of this file. +</P> +<P> +Feel free to use the following format: +</P> +<P> +</P> +<PRE> +NEW: KANJI1 [kana1] /new entry #1/ + +NEW: KANJI2 [kana2] /new entry #2/ + +old: KANJI3 [kana3] /old entry to be replaced/ +new: KANJI3 [kana3] /replacement entry/ + +DEL: KANJI4 [kana4] /entry to be deleted/ +</PRE> +<P> +Please provide an annotated reason for any deletions or amendments you send. +</P> +<P> +I prefer not to get a "diff" or "patch" file as the master EDICT is under +continuous revision, and may have had quite a few changes since you got your +copy. +</P> +<P> +Users intending to make submissions to EDICT should follow the following +simple rules: +</P> +<UL> +<LI>all verbs in plain form. The English must begin with "to ....". Add the +verb type in some prominent place. +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>add (adj-na) or (adj-no) or (vs) as appropriate to nouns. Do not put the "na" or +"no" particles on the Japanese, or the "suru" auxiliary verb. For entries +which have (vs), do not enter them as verb infinitives (e.g. "to cook"), +instead enter them as gerunds/participles/whatever (e.g. cooking (vs)). + <P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>indicate prefixes and suffixes by "(pref)" and "(suf)" in the first English +entry, not by using "-" in the kanji or kana. +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>do not add definite or indefinite articles (e.g. "a", "an", "the", etc) to +English nouns unless they are necessary to distinguish the word from +another usage type or homonym. +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>do not guess the kanji or the reading. If you don't know them, don't +send it to me. I will check all incoming suggestions, and I get grumpy +when I find sloppy errors. One of the most persistent problems in editing +EDICT is finding and eliminating incorrect kanji and kana. +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>do not use the "/", "[" or "]" characters except in their separating roles. +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>if you are using a reference in romaji form, make sure you have the correct +kana for "too/tou" and "zu", where the Hepburn romaji is often ambiguous. +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>do not use kana or kanji in the "English" fields. Where it is necessary to +use a Japanese word, e.g. kanto, use Hepburn romaji. +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>make sure your kana is correct. A persistent problem is the submission of +words like "honyaku" as ho+nya+ku instead of the correct ho+n+ya+ku. +<P> +</P> +</LI> +<LI>do not include words formed by common Japanese suffixes, such as "-teki", +unless they cannot be deduced from the root. +</LI> +</UL> +<P> +<b><a name="IREF09">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a></b> +</P> +<P> +The following people, in roughly chronological order, have played a part in +the development of EDICT. (I stopped adding to this list some years ago, so +it is of historical interest now.) +</P> +<P> +Mark Edwards, Spencer Green, Alina Skoutarides, Takako Machida, Theresa +Martin, Satoshi Tadokoro, Stephen Chung, Hidekazu Tozaki, Clifford Olling, +David Cooper, Ken Lunde, Joel Schulman, Hiroto Kagotani, Truett Smith, Mike +Rosenlof, Harold Rowe, Al Harkom, Per Hammarlund, Atsushi Fukumoto, John +Crossley, Bob Kerns, Frank O'Carroll, Rik Smoody, Scott Trent, Curtis +Eubanks, Jamie Packer, Hitoshi Doi, Thalawyn Silverwood, Makato Shimojima, +Bart Mathias, Koichi Mori, Steven Sprouse, Jeffrey Friedl, Yazuru Hiraga, Kurt +Stueber, Rafael Santos, Bruce Casner, Masato Toho, Carolyn Norton, Simon +Clippingdale, Shiino Masayoshi, Susumu Miki, Yushi Kaneda, Masahiko +Tachibana, Naoki Shibata, Yuzuru Hiraga, Yasuaki Nakano, Atsu Yagasaki, +Hitoshi Oi, Chizuko Kanazawa, Lars Huttar, Jonathan Hanna, Yoshimasa Tsuji, +Masatsugu Mamimura, Keiichi Nakata, Masako Nomura, Hiroshi Kamabe, Shi-Wen +Peng, Norihiro Okada, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Yoshiyuki Mizuno, Minoru Terada, +Itaru Ichikawa, Toru Matsuda, Katsumi Inoue, John Finlayson, David Luke, Iain +Sinclair, Warwick Hockley, Jamii Corley, Howard Landman, Tom Bryce, Jim +Thomas, Paul Burchard, Kenji Saito, Ken Eto, Niibe Yutaka, Hideyuki Ozaki, +Kouichi Suzuki, Sakaguchi Takeyuki, Haruo Furuhashi, Takashi Hattori, +Yoshiyuki Kondo, Kusakabe Youichi, Nobuo Sakiyama, Kouhei Matsuda, Toru Sato, +Takayuki Ito, Masayuki Tokoshima, Kiyo Inaba, Dan Cohn, Yo Tomita, Ed Hall, +Takashi Imamura, Bernard Greenberg, Michael Raine, Akiko Nagase, Ben Bullock, +Scott Draves, Matthew Haines, Andy Howells, Takayuki Ito, Anders Brabaek, +Michael Chachich, Masaki Muranaka, Paul Randolph, Vesa Karhu, Bruce Bailey, +Gal Shalif, Riichiro Saito, Keith Rogers, Steve Petersen, Bill Smith, Barry +Byrne, Satoshi Kuramoto, Jason Molenda, Travis Stewart, Yuichiro Kushiro +Keiko Okushi, Wayne Lammers, Koichi Fujino, Joerg Fischer, Satoru Miyazaki, +Gaspard Gendreau, David Olson, Peter Evans, Steven Zaveloff, Larry Tyrrell, +Heinz Clemencon, Justin Mayer, David Jones, Holger Gruber, David Wilson, +John De Hoog, Stephen Davis, Dan Crevier, Ron Granich, Bruce Raup, Scott +Childress, Richard Warmington, Jean-Jacques Labarthe, Matt Bloedel, Szabolcs +Varga, Alan Bram, Hidetaka Koie, David Villareale, Hirokazu Ohata, Toshiki +Sasabe, William Maton, Tom Salmon, Kian Yap, Paul Denisowski, Glen Pankow, +Richard Northcott, Roger Meunier, Petteri Kettunen, Jeff Korpa, Kanji +Haitani, Liam O'Brien, Serdar Yegulalp, Jonathan Way, Gururaj Rao, Yoichiro +Niitsu, Ralph Seewald, Andreas Jordell, Chua Hian Koon, Hartmut Pilch, +Shouichi Takeuchi, Ayumu Yasutomi, Mike Wright, James Rose, Nich Hill. +</P> +<P> +Jim Breen +<BR> +j<!-- blah -->wb@cs<!-- blah2 -->se.mon<!-- blah3 -->ash.edu.au +<BR> +School of Computer Science & Software Engineering +<BR> +Monash University +<BR> +Clayton 3168 +<BR> +AUSTRALIA +<hr> +<b><a name="IREF10">APPENDIX A: EDICT LICENCE STATEMENT</a></b> +</P> +<P> +In March 2000, James William Breen assigned ownership of the copyright +of the dictionary files assembled, coordinated and edited by him to the +The Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group at Monash +University. +</P> +<P> +EDICT can be freely used provided satisfactory acknowledgement is made, +and a number of other conditions are met. +Information about the licence and copyright for EDICT can be found on +the Group's WWW page at: http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/groups/edrdg/ +</P> +<P> +In summary, EDICT can be freely used with acknowledgement. +</P> +<P> +<hr> +<b><a name="IREF11">APPENDIX B. LANGUAGE CODES FROM ISO 639</a></b> +</P> +<P> +The following language codes have been used with non-English derived +gairaigo. They have been derived from the ISO 639:1988 "Code for the +representation of names of languages" standard. +</P> +<P> +</P> +<PRE> +ar Arabic +zh Chinese (Zhongwen) +de German (Deutsch) +en English +fr French +el Greek (Ellinika) +iw Hebrew (Iwrith) +ja Japanese +ko Korean +nl Dutch (Nederlands) +no Norwegian +pl Polish +ru Russian +sv Swedish +bo Tibetan (Bodskad) +eo Esperanto +es Spanish +in Indonesian +it Italian +lt Latin +pt Portugese +hi Hindi +ur Urdu +mn Mongolian +kl Inuit (formerly Eskimo) +</PRE> +<P> +And I have added the following, which are not in the Standard: +</P> +<P> +</P> +<PRE> +ai Ainu +</PRE> +</BODY></HTML> +<BR><SMALL><A HREF="/disclaimers/user.html">Disclaimer</A></SMALL>
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