From e2de64d6f1beb9e492daf5b886e19933c1fa41dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: toma Date: Wed, 25 Nov 2009 17:56:58 +0000 Subject: Copy the KDE 3.5 branch to branches/trinity for new KDE 3.5 features. BUG:215923 git-svn-id: svn://anonsvn.kde.org/home/kde/branches/trinity/kdemultimedia@1054174 283d02a7-25f6-0310-bc7c-ecb5cbfe19da --- doc/kmid/index.docbook | 1338 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1338 insertions(+) create mode 100644 doc/kmid/index.docbook (limited to 'doc/kmid/index.docbook') diff --git a/doc/kmid/index.docbook b/doc/kmid/index.docbook new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6670dd54 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/kmid/index.docbook @@ -0,0 +1,1338 @@ + + + + + +]> + + + + +The &kmid; Handbook + + +Antonio +Larrosa Jiménez + +
larrosa@kde.org
+ + + + + + +19992001 +Antonio Larrosa Jiménez + + +2002-02-05 +2.00.00 + + + +&kmid; is a midi/karaoke multimedia player + + + + +KMid +midi +karaoke +multimedia +mid +kar +player +music +sound +fm +awe +gus + + + + +Introduction + + +&kmid; is &kde;'s midi and karaoke multimedia player. It features some +features not found in any other &UNIX; midi player, such as realtime +graphics and karaoke text highlighting among others. + + + +&kmid; has been reported to run on &Linux; and FreeBSD operating +systems. It uses the OSS sound driver, so it should +run on every system where &kde; and OSS +compile. &kmid; also supports the &Linux; Ultrasound Project Driver , +which is required to get sound in GUS cards. I plan +to support the ALSA driver as soon as it supports a +sequencer device. + + + +&kmid; shows the lyrics in the screen changing its color at the same +time the music is playing, so it is very easy to follow the tune of the +songs. + + + +Hope you find &kmid; as fun to use as I found developing it. + + + +Antonio Larrosa Jiménez larrosa@kde.org + + + +&kmid;'s features + + +These are some of &kmid;'s main features: + + + + + +It has a very friendly user interface to display karaoke +text with realtime highlighting of lyrics. + + + + +It features a graphical view of what is being played on each midi channel, by +highlighting the keys pressed in (virtual) keyboards. + + + + +The most powerful Midi Mapper that you will ever find in +any operating system. + + + + +Drag & drop so you can drop in &kde; any midi file from a +&konqueror; window. + + + + +You can change the tempo of songs to play them slower or +faster at your wish. + + + + +It shows lights to follow the rhythm of the song. + + + + +Customizable fonts for karaoke text to be displayed. + + + + +Supports the two standards to introduce lyrics in midi files, that is, lyrics or +text events (and guess which one a song uses automatically). + + + + +Session Management. If a song is playing while you logout from &kde;, the next +time you login, the same song will start playing. + + + + +Adjustable volume in realtime. + + + + +It can play broken midi files which make other players core dump! + + + + +It can open gzipped midi/karaoke files just as any other +file. + + + + +Consumes approximately 0.1% of my +CPU (depends on the complexity of the song). + + + + +Supports external midi synths, AWE, FM and +GUS cards (for the latter you need the LUP +driver and gusd installed). + + + + +Runs on &Linux; and FreeBSD (maybe also other unices ...). + + + + + + + + +General usage + + +Opening songs + + +You can open a song several different ways. + + + +First, you can select Open... from the +File menu, then you are presented with a standard +open dialog, with which you can select the song you wish to open. + + + +You can drag a file from a &konqueror; window and drop it in the &kmid; window. +You can also Drag & Drop multiple songs at the same time. + + + +If you specify a song in the command line when running &kmid;, it will also be +opened. + + + +And the final way is by selecting the song from the list of songs of the active +collection. + + + + + +Playing songs + + +To play a song, first open it, and then press on the +Play button of the toolbar, choose the +Play entry of the Song +menu, or just press the Space key. + + + +Note that when you open a file using Drag & Drop, &kmid; will start +playing it automatically (if you drop more than one file, they will be +added to a collection and they will be played sequentially). + + + +Once &kmid; is playing a song, you can move the time slider, by pressing +with the &MMB; mouse button, to go to a specified position. + + + +If a song is playing too fast or too slow for you, you can press on the +arrows at both sides of the tempo LCD and make it +play faster or slower. To get back to the default tempo, just do a +double click on the tempo LCD. + + + +The Space key is used for two things, when music is +playing, and you press the Space key, it will act as +when you press on the pause button or the +Pause entry of the Song +menu, that is, it will pause music. If you press the +Space key when no music is being played, &kmid; will +play it. + + + + + +Displaying lyrics + + +There are two methods to store lyrics in a song, by using +Text events or Lyrics +events, some songs use the first, some the second, some +use both of them, and some don't include lyrics :-) + + + +&kmid; lets you choose which events to display, and even better, it has +an option to automatically select the type of events that a song uses, +so that you don't have to change the type manually . That way, if you +activate the Automatic Text Chooser entry of +the Settings menu, the karaoke text will be +automatically selected, but you can still change them if you prefer to +see the other type. + + + +To select which type to see, you can use the appropriate entries in the +Settings menu, or just press the 1 +and 2 keys of your keyboard to see the +Text events or Lyrics +events respectively. + + + + + + + +Collections + + +A collection is a list of midi files that you put in a set, and which +are played one after another. This section will help you to use them, +and will give you some useful tips to make a good use of them. + + + +Creating a collection + + +To create a collection, first open the Collections +Manager dialog, by selecting the Organize +... entry of the Collections menu . +Then click on the New button, and enter the name +you want the collection to have. + + + +You can also copy a complete collection by selecting it and then +pressing the Copy button, which will ask you for +the name of the new collection that will have initially the same songs +as the selected collection. + + + +Once you have more than one collection, you can change the active +collection from the Collections Manager, by +selecting it. + + + + +The Temporary Collection + + +The Temporary Collection is a collection that is used to hold songs you +want to play but that you don't want to add to any collection. + + + +This collection is not saved on exit of the +application, so keep it in mind when you add lots of songs to it. + + + +Keep on reading this section for a better understanding of the Temporary +Collection. + + + + + +Adding songs to a collection +How to use AutoAdd to a +collection + + +There are some different ways to add a song to a collection. + + + +First of all in each method, you must have selected the collection you +want to add songs to in the Collections Manager. +Then you can press on the Add button to add a +song, there will appear an open file dialog so that you can choose which +song to add. + + + +The other methods to add a song depend on the state of the +AutoAdd to Collection option. + + + +If AutoAdd to Collection is enabled, when +you open a song (using File +Open... or Drag & Drop) it +(they) will be added to the active collection without user intervention. + + + +If AutoAdd to Collection is not enabled, +when you open a song the Temporary Collection will be activated and +cleared, and the opened songs will be added to it. + + + + + +Removing songs from collections + + +To delete a song from a collection, just open the Collection +Manager, select the appropriate collection, and the song you +wish to delete, and then click on the Remove +button. + + + + + +Playing in order or at random + + +You can select the order in which songs will be played . When you select +In order mode from the Play +Order submenu of the Collections menu, +songs will be played in the same order in which they were added to the +collection. + + + +When you select Shuffle mode, &kmid; will +generate a random variable with a discrete uniform distribution to +really play randomly the songs in the collection . It will give values +to that random variable while generating the list in which order the +songs will be played (you surely want to play random songs, but don't +want to play twice the same song, and you want to play the last played +song when you press on the Previous Song button, +don't you ? :-) ). + + + +The random list in which the collection will be played will be +regenerated each time you add or remove a file in the active collection, +and when you press on the Shuffle mode entry +of the menu. + + + + + +Selecting a song from a collection + + +You can select a song to play in the Collection +Manager, or by using the combo box over the karaoke text. + + + +You can also change to the next song by using the Next +Song entry of the Song menu, the +Next Song button of the toolbar, or pressing the +right arrow key. + + + +To change to the previous song, use the Previous +Song entry of the Song menu, the +Previous Song button of the toolbar, or press +the left arrow key of your keyboard. + + + + + +Deleting a collection + + +To delete a collection, simply open the Collection +Manager, select the collection you want to delete, and click +on Delete. Easy, it isn't? + + +Please keep in mind that you cannot delete the Temporary Collection, but +it doesn't matter as it is not saved when you quit &kmid;. + + + + + + + +Midi Maps + + +What is a midi map ? + + +A Midi Map is something that maps midi events in other midi events. + + + +This is totally needed if a synthesizer doesn't understand the standard +events (that is, if a synthesizer is not General Midi compliant), in +this case, a midi map will translate General Midi events in the events +that that synthesizer understands. + + + +For example you can make a midi map that converts all the +Change patch to Bright Piano events, to +Change patch to Trumpet events, and so when a song +tries to play a piano, it will play a trumpet instead. + + + +This may sound odd, (why playing a trumpet when the song is made to play +a piano?), but it is very useful. The GM standard +specifies that when a midi keyboard receives an event to change patch to +0, it will change the current patch to Grand +Piano, but older synthesizer will change for example to a +Electric Guitar when it receives a +0. This old keyboard, needed to receive a +3 (for example) to change to a +Piano. And here comes the midi map in action, +changing all change patch to 0 to change +patch to 3 and thus really playing the correct instrument when +it has to. + + + + + +Do I need a midi map ? + + +In short, if you don't have an external synth, no! + + + +If you only have a sound card, midi maps are not needed because all the +sound cards are GM compliant (this include AWE cards, +GUS cards, FM devices and so on). + + + +If you are playing music through an external synthesizer, and it is not +GM compliant, you will need to make a midi map for your midi keyboard . +Although you will perhaps be a whole afternoon doing your map file and +trying different values for all the options, you will be fully rewarded +when you finish it, because then you will find all the hidden +possibilities of your keyboard. For example, I have a low-cost Yamaha +PSS-790, which is not GM compatible, and doesn't has +as many instruments as a GM synthesizer, but with +&kmid;'s midi mapper, it sounds even better than many soundcards +(including AWE :-)), due to the sound quality found in external synths +(even on non GM compliant ones). + + + + + +Creating a midi map + + +There isn't any program to generate midi maps, so you will have to edit a file +by hand (using your favorite text editor). + + + +A Midi map is a text file that keeps all the needed translations there will be +made when playing music. + + + +It consist of four sections: PATCHMAP, +KEYMAP, CHANNELMAP and +OPTIONS. + + + +Each section must appear only once, except the KEYMAP section +that can appear as many times as needed, provided that each appearance use a +different TextID (continue reading for details). + + + +The general structure of a map file is: + + +DEFINE PATCHMAP +... +END + +DEFINE KEYMAP "Name of Keymap" +... +END + +DEFINE KEYMAP "Another Keymap" +... +END + +DEFINE CHANNELMAP +... +END + +OPTIONS +... +END + + + +You can see that the DEFINE word is used to specify +which section is going to be started (except for +OPTIONS), and END is put at the +end of each section. + + +You can put comments by starting the line with a +# character. + + + +Please, don't forget to send me your map file by email, so that future +releases of &kmid; will include support for more non General Midi +compliant keyboards. + + + +The <literal>PATCHMAP</literal> section + + +This section is used to specify how patches are going to be mapped, from +GM to your keyboard specs . The general usage is: + + +(Name of GM Patch name)=(N) [AllKeysTo M] + + + +Where N is the number that you keyboard needs to +receive to change the patch to the same that the GM standard does . + + + +Please note that the left side of the equal sign is ignored, so +GM patches are supposed to be in order (from 0 to 127) , and +so you are not allowed to change the order of the lines nor to omit any of the +128 instruments. + + + +The optional AllKeysTo M is used to map all notes +that use that instrument to the M key . For example, +suppose that your midi keyboard doesn't have a Gun Shot sound (GM patch +127) so you want to map it to a percussion drum (i.e. key 60), which +sounds similar to a gun shot, then you can put in the 127th line of the +PATCHMAP section: + + +Gunshot =100 AllKeysTo 60 + + + +So when a midi file tries to play a note with the patch 127 (gun shot), it will +be mapped to the patch 100 (your keyboard's percussion patch) and play the note +60 (independently of the key that was going to be played). + + + +Please note that when I use the expression Percussion patch, I +mean the patch in which each key plays a different drum, cymbal, tom, maracas +and so on, and not to a possible sound which some keyboards have and which plays +a different tone of the same drum with each key. + + + + + +The <literal>KEYMAP</literal> section + + +The KEYMAP section is used to specify how keys are +going to be mapped, within a given channel or instrument . The usage is: + + +DEFINE KEYMAP "Name of Keymap" +C 0 =0 +C#0 =1 +D 0 =2 +... +END + + + +As with the PATCHMAP section, it is very important +the order of the lines, and that they are all there (the 128 keys). + + + +As you can define multiple keymaps for different channels and instruments, +you must give a different name to each one in the first line. + + + +Keymaps are mainly used to map keys in the percussion channel . Have a +look at the distributed maps to see some examples. + + + + + +The <literal>CHANNELMAP</literal> section + + +This section can be used to map some channels to different ones . For +example, if you want to swap the first and second channels, you can +easily do it within the CHANNELMAP section. + + + +However it is more useful for keyboards that need the percussion +channel to be in a given channel (the GM standard use the channel 10, +others use the channel 16 and others use channel 9). + + + +Note that midi devices use 16 channels, so the CHANNELMAP +section, has 16 lines, from 0 to 15 , as this one: + + +(N) = (M) [Keymap "Name"] [ForcePatch x] + + + +Where N is the channel which is mapped to the +M channel . If the Keymap option +is used, the Keymap with name Name will be used in +this channel (this Keymap should be defined earlier in the map file !) . +If the ForcePatch option is used, all events that try +to change the patch which is used in this channel will be ignored, and +patch x will be used instead. + + + +The ForcePatch option may be useful for example to +always use the percussion patch on the percussion channel. + + + + + +The <literal>OPTIONS</literal> section + + +The OPTIONS section has some general options that can +be very useful: + + +OPTIONS +PitchBenderRatio = r +MapExpressionToVolumeEvents +END + + + +You can specify both options, only one, or none of them. + + + +The PitchBenderRatio r value, has the ratio by which +pitch bender events will be multiplied . That is, when a midi file tries +to send a pitch bender event with a n value, the real +value that will be sent is n*(r/4096) (the +4096 value is for not having to put decimal points in +the map file). + + + +This is used because the GM standard says that when a +midi keyboard receives a Pitch Bender event with a 4096 data value, it +should bend the note to a higher one , but some midi keyboards try to +bend the initial note by two or more higher notes (even an octave +higher!) when they receive a 4096 . This can be easily fixed by trying +different values so that instead of sending a 4096, KMid sends the +appropriate value. + + + +When the MapExpressionToVolumeEvents option is set in +the map file, and a midi file try to send an expression event, KMid will +send a volume event which is understood by more non-GM keyboards, and +which has a similar effect . There are many midi files which use +expression events to fade out at the end of a song, so if you feel that +music should be heard softer and softer, you can turn on this option and +see if this is what you need, because your midi synthesizer could be +ignoring the expression events because it doesn't understand them. + + + + + + + +Using midi maps + + +To use a midi map, simply open the Midi Setup +dialog by selecting the Midi Setup ... entry +of the Settings menu. + + + +Then click on Browse ..., select the map file within the open +file dialog and enjoy the music ! :-) + + + + + +Advanced features + + +The Channel View + + +The Channel view is a window where you are shown a heap of keyboards (one for +each midi channel). In these keyboards, the notes that are being played with +each instrument are highlighted so that you can see what is each instrument +playing. + + + +Changing instruments + + +You can use the Channel View to change the instrument that each channel is +playing. In each channel there is a combo box where you can select it. Once you +change it, the green button next to it will change to red to indicate that this +is not the default instrument. + + + +If you want to set again the default instrument, click on the red button, and it +will be automatically set. + + + + + +Changing the look mode + + +The Channel View has two different ways (for now) to display the played notes, +you can select them from the Channel View Options... +item in the Settings menu. + + + +You can choose between a mode in which played keys are pressed, as if it were a +normal piano (3D look), or a mode in which keys are also +filled with red color, so that pressed keys are easily recognized (3D +- filled). If you play the piano, or any other music instrument, you +can use this view to learn to play a song by yourself. I've used this technique +and it (along with a tempo reduction) is great to +learn new compositions. + + + + + + + +The Tempo <acronym>LCD</acronym> + + +This shows the tempo in which a song is played, that is, the velocity of the +song. The higher this number is, the faster the song will play. + + + +You can also change the tempo of the song, so if a song plays too fast for you +to follow the lyrics, you can make it play slower. To change the tempo, you can +use the arrows that appear at each sides of the LCD. + + + +Once you have changed the tempo, you can get back the default one by doing a +double click on the LCD. + + + + + + + +Key bindings + + + + + +Key +Action + + + + +Space +Play the loaded song, if it isn't playing, or pause it, if it's already +playing. + + +Backspace +Stop playing + + +Right Arrow +Next song in current collection + + +Left Arrow +Previous song in current collection + + +Up Arrow +Scroll lyrics one line up + + +Down Arrow +Scroll lyrics one line down + + +Page Up +Scroll lyrics one page up + + +Page Down +Scroll lyrics one page down + + +1 +Display text events + + +2 +Display lyric events + + +&Ctrl;O +Open a song + + +&Ctrl;Q +Quit &kmid; + + +F1 +Open this document + + + + + + + + +Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) + + + + + +What is exactly a midi file? + + + + +A Midi file is a file that contains the information on how to play +a song, that is, it contains simply the notes, the rhythm, +velocity,&etc; This implies that the same midi file, when played in two +different devices, can produce very different results, as well as a +given staff can be played very differently by two different musicians. + + + + + + + +I can get better sound with a mp3/wav player, why should I use &kmid;? + + + + +Well, I cannot force anyone to use &kmid;, but a typical midi file +occupies 50 Kb. while a typical mp3 file occupies 4 Mb. (and that is a +1:80 compression ratio :-) . And with a good synthesizer device, you can +get a comparable sound quality. Even more, with a midi file, you can +change individual instruments, change the velocity of a song, &etc; so +you have more overall control. + + + + + + + +I can't get my AWE card to work with KMid, what can I do? + + + + +This can happen when you get a binary distribution (rpm, deb) of &kmid;. It +happens because &kmid; was compiled without awe support. If it doesn't +work, then you must download a source code distribution (for example, from +&kmid;'s homepage) + + + + + + + +I want to add a whole folder to a collection, but having to add the midi +files one by one is not funny. + + + + + +I agree, that's why &kmid; supports Drag & Drop. Just open, in &konqueror;, +the folder you want to add, select all the files, drag them and drop them in +&kmid;. + + +Be sure to set the AutoAdd to Collection option before, so that the +files will be added to the current collection. If you don't do this, files will +be added to the Temporary Collection. + + + + + + + +I can't follow the lyrics, it's playing too fast! + + + + +You can press the left arrow of the tempo LCD to make it play +slower. Remember that you can do a double click on the LCD to +get the default tempo. + + + + + + + + +Final notes + + +Some tips and tricks + + +I will include some tips so that you can take fully advantage from all +the features of &kmid;: + + + + +Opening files + +I always keep a &kde; desktop with a &konqueror; window in my root +midi folder, and &kmid; in this desktop (if playing a midi file) or +sticky (if playing a karaoke file :-)). This way, when the active +collection finishes, or I want to play some file, I just go to the +konqueror; window, select the desired files and Drag & Drop to the +&kmid;'s window. + + + +Suppose that you want to play some midi files, but don't want to add +them to any collection, well, just turn off the AutoAdd to +Collection option in the Collections +menu, and open the files, they will be added to the Temporary +Collection. + + + + + +Another method to create a new Collection + + +Suppose that you have midi files A.mid, +B.mid and C.mid. At first you +only want to play the first midi file, so you unselect +AutoAdd and open +A.mid. You get then a Temporary Collection with +only one midi file. + + +Then you decide to play also B and C, and make a collection with all them, what +do you do? + + +Easy, select AutoAdd and open +B.mid and C.mid (by any of the +multiple methods), they will be automatically added to the Temporary +Collection, that will then have A.mid, +B.mid and C.mid. At this +point, you can open the Organize Collections +dialog, select the Temporary Collection, and click on the +Copy button, enter the name of the new collection, +and you are done . You already have a new collection, which holds the +A,B and C midi files, and that is not deleted when you close &kmid;. + + + + + + + + +Hall of &kmid;'s friends + + +These are some folks who have sent me midi files or a postcard, thanks +to everyone! Hearing those songs and watching those postcards will keep +me programming more and more on &kmid;. + + + + +Ola Sigurdson - Taking Care of Business (Bachman +Turner Overdrive) + + +EG Lim - A really very nice postcard from Penang. + + +Guenther Starnberger - Amadeus (Falco) and +Schrei Nach Liebe (Die Aerzte) + + +Leandro Terrés - All That She Wants and +The Sign (Ace of Base) + + +Nick Stoic - Two midi files + + + + + + +About the author + + +&kmid; has been made by Antonio Larrosa Jiménez, in Málaga +(Spain). I am a student of Mathematics at the University of +Málaga, currently I'm doing the third course, so I don't have +much free time for my hobbies, but I always try to get some :-) . My +hobbies include : Programming, collecting midi files, playing music and +proving theorems ;-). + + + +If you want to know where to download midi/karaoke files, you have any +question, a bug to report, an idea or a feature you'd like to see in +&kmid; or just want to make me happy, feel free to send me an email to: +larrosa@kde.org or antlarr@arrakis.es + + +or write to me by snail-mail at: + + + Antonio Larrosa Jimenez +Rio Arnoya 10 5B +Malaga (Spain) + + + +You will really make me happy if you send me a postcard from where you +live, or a midi/karaoke file from a local music group of your country +. Everyone who sends me a postcard or a midi file will have his/her name +in the Hall of &kmid;'s friends of this file (provided they don't oppose +to this). Please contact me before sending me any midi files because I +may have it already. + + + +I'd like stress that &kmid; has been done completely on free time, +without any monetary support from any company nor particular. So please +keep in mind when you use it, that the only think that keep me working +on this is getting some feedback from its users (a postcard, or just an +email). + + + +I would like to thanks the following persons their help in developing &kmid;: + + + + + +Paul J. Leonard P.J.Leonard@bath.ac.uk - Support for AWE +cards + + + + +Sebestyen Zoltan szoli@digo.inf.elte.hu- FreeBSD port and +AWE testing + + + + +Christian Esken esken@kde.org - For organizing the KDE +multimedia efforts + + + + +Stephan Kulow coolo@kde.org- Configure scripts and help +with automake and CVS + + + + +Jaroslav Kysela - Help in doing the &Linux; Ultrasound Project driver +support + + + + +Takashi Iwai and Joseph H. Buehler - Fix for AWE cards pitch being +too high + + + + +Adrian Knoth - For giving me good news and many suggestions + + + + +Kevin Street - Patch to support FreeBSD 3.0 + + + + +Thanks go also to Jose Luis Sanchez for his testing of GUS support, +Ignacio Garcia for testing the AWE support, Hans Petter Bieker, Ola +Sigurdson, Marc Diefenbruch, Peter Gritsch, Magnus Pfeffer, Urko Lusa, +Peter-Paul Witta, Thorsten Westheider, Ulrich Cordes and everyone that +sent me a patch, bug report or just an email to give me encouragement. + + + + +And of course to all the fabulous musicians over the net that keep giving +us those wonderful midi and karaoke files. + + + + + + + + + +Copyrights and License + +&kmid; is copyright Antonio Larrosa Jiménez, 1999-2001 + +Documentation is copyright Antonio Larrosa Jiménez 1999, +2001 + +&underFDL; +&underGPL; + + + + + + +Installation + + +How to obtain &kmid; + +&install.intro.documentation; + + +Additionally, &kmid; can be found on its homepage, which is at +http://www.arrakis.es/~rlarrosa/kmid.html. In the homepage, you can +follow its development, see some information about it, some screenshots, a list +of sites from where you can download more karaoke songs, &etc; + + + + + +Requirements + +&kmid; requires to work: + + + + +&kde;. Well, you probably already have this :-) + + + + +A sound card. A good soundcard and/or external synthesizer are +recommended, as the sound quality depends greatly in your soundcard, +it's not the same to play the music using an FM device, than using an +AWE card. + + + +If you don't have a soundcard, you can still compile &kmid; with +MODE_DEMO_ONLYVISUAL defined and it will run as if +you had one (but you'll get no music, of course :-( ). + + + + + + + +Compilation and Installation + +&install.compile.documentation; + + +I've included some examples that are installed in $dollar;KDEDIR/share/apps/kmid + + + +If you run into any problem, don't hesitate to contact any of the &kde; mailing +list, or send a report directly to me. + + + + + + + + -- cgit v1.2.1