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+# @(#)africa 8.10
+# <pre>
+
+# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+#
+# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+#
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
+# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+#
+# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
+# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+# I found in the UCLA library.
+#
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#
+# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
+# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
+# but Mark R V Murray reports that
+# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
+# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
+# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
+#
+# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
+# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
+# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
+# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
+# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
+#
+# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
+# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
+# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
+# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
+# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
+# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
+# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
+# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
+# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
+# until we get more information.
+#
+# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
+# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
+# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
+# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
+# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
+# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+
+# Algeria
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
+# more precise 0:09:21.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
+ 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
+ 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
+ 1:00 - CET
+
+# Angola
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
+ 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Benin
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Botswana
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
+ 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Burkina Faso
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Burundi
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Cameroon
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Cape Verde
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
+ -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
+ -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
+ -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
+ -1:00 - CVT
+
+# Central African Republic
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Chad
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
+ 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Comoros
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Democratic Republic of Congo
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+ 1:00 - WAT
+Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Republic of the Congo
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Cote D'Ivoire
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Djibouti
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Egypt
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
+# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
+Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
+# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
+# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
+# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
+# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
+Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
+# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
+# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
+# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
+# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
+# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
+Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
+# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
+# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
+# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
+# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
+# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
+# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
+# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
+# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
+Rule Egypt 2008 max - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
+
+# Equatorial Guinea
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Eritrea
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
+ 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Ethiopia
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
+# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
+# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Gabon
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Gambia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
+ -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
+ -1:00 - WAT 1964
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Ghana
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
+Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
+ 0:00 Ghana %s
+
+# Guinea
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Guinea-Bissau
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1975
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Kenya
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
+ 3:00 - EAT 1930
+ 2:30 - BEAT 1940
+ 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Lesotho
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
+ 2:00 - SAST
+
+# Liberia
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
+# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
+# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
+# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
+# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
+ -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
+ -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Libya
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
+ 2:00 - EET 1982
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
+# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
+# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
+ 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4
+ 2:00 - EET
+
+# Madagascar
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
+ 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Malawi
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Mali
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Mauritania
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Mauritius
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
+ 4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time
+# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
+# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
+
+# Mayotte
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Morocco
+# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 0:00 - WET
+# Western Sahara
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
+ -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
+ 0:00 - WET
+
+# Mozambique
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Namibia
+# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
+
+# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
+# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
+# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
+# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
+# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
+# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
+# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
+# of the country.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
+# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
+# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
+
+# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
+ 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
+ 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
+ 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
+ 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
+ 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
+
+# Niger
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
+ -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
+ 0:00 - GMT 1960
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Nigeria
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Reunion
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+ 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
+#
+# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
+# The following information about them is taken from
+# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
+#
+# Bassas da India - uninhabited
+# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
+# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
+# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
+# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
+
+# Rwanda
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# St Helena
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
+ -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
+ 0:00 - GMT
+# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
+# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
+# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
+# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+# on GMT, says the CIA
+# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
+
+# Sao Tome and Principe
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
+ -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Senegal
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
+ -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Seychelles
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
+ 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
+# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
+# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
+# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
+# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
+# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
+
+# Sierra Leone
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
+Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
+Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
+Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
+ -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
+ -1:00 SL %s 1957
+ 0:00 SL %s
+
+# Somalia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
+ 3:00 - EAT 1931
+ 2:30 - BEAT 1957
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# South Africa
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
+ 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 SA SAST
+# Marion and Prince Edward Is
+# scientific station since 1947
+# no information
+
+# Sudan
+#
+# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
+# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Swaziland
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - SAST
+
+# Tanzania
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ 3:00 - EAT 1948
+ 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Togo
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Tunisia
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
+# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
+# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
+# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
+# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
+# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
+# Saturday." (My translation)
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
+# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
+# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
+# 1h standard time.
+#
+# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
+# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
+# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
+# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
+# more precise 0:09:21.
+# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
+
+# Uganda
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
+ 3:00 - EAT 1930
+ 2:30 - BEAT 1948
+ 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Zambia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Zimbabwe
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT