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| -rw-r--r-- | languages/cpp/doc/libc.toc | 1252 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | languages/cpp/doc/libstdc++.toc | 94 |
2 files changed, 478 insertions, 868 deletions
diff --git a/languages/cpp/doc/libc.toc b/languages/cpp/doc/libc.toc index 1503a46d..0305627c 100644 --- a/languages/cpp/doc/libc.toc +++ b/languages/cpp/doc/libc.toc @@ -1,858 +1,402 @@ <!DOCTYPE tdeveloptoc> <tdeveloptoc> -<title>LIBC (umn.edu)</title> -<base href="http://epoxy.mrs.umn.edu/doc/glibc-doc/html/"/> -<tocsect1 name="1. Introduction" url="chapters_1.html#SEC1"> - <tocsect2 name="1.1 Getting Started" url="chapters_1.html#SEC2"/> - <tocsect2 name="1.2 Standards and Portability" url="chapters_1.html#SEC3"> - <tocsect3 name="1.2.1 ISO C" url="chapters_1.html#SEC4"/> - <tocsect3 name="1.2.2 POSIX (The Portable Operating System Interface)" url="chapters_1.html#SEC5"/> - <tocsect3 name="1.2.3 Berkeley Unix" url="chapters_1.html#SEC6"/> - <tocsect3 name="1.2.4 SVID (The System V Interface Description)" url="chapters_1.html#SEC7"/> - <tocsect3 name="1.2.5 XPG (The X/Open Portability Guide)" url="chapters_1.html#SEC8"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="1.3 Using the Library" url="chapters_1.html#SEC9"> - <tocsect3 name="1.3.1 Header Files" url="chapters_1.html#SEC10"/> - <tocsect3 name="1.3.2 Macro Definitions of Functions" url="chapters_1.html#SEC11"/> - <tocsect3 name="1.3.3 Reserved Names" url="chapters_1.html#SEC12"/> - <tocsect3 name="1.3.4 Feature Test Macros" url="chapters_1.html#SEC13"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="1.4 Roadmap to the Manual" url="chapters_1.html#SEC14"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="2. Error Reporting" url="chapters_2.html#SEC15"> - <tocsect2 name="2.1 Checking for Errors" url="chapters_2.html#SEC16"/> - <tocsect2 name="2.2 Error Codes" url="chapters_2.html#SEC17"/> - <tocsect2 name="2.3 Error Messages" url="chapters_2.html#SEC18"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="3. Virtual Memory Allocation And Paging" url="chapters_3.html#SEC19"> - <tocsect2 name="3.1 Process Memory Concepts" url="chapters_3.html#SEC20"/> - <tocsect2 name="3.2 Allocating Storage For Program Data" url="chapters_3.html#SEC21"> - <tocsect3 name="3.2.1 Memory Allocation in C Programs" url="chapters_3.html#SEC22"> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.1.1 Dynamic Memory Allocation" url="chapters_3.html#SEC23"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="3.2.2 Unconstrained Allocation" url="chapters_3.html#SEC24"> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.1 Basic Memory Allocation" url="chapters_3.html#SEC25"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.2 Examples of malloc" url="chapters_3.html#SEC26"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.3 Freeing Memory Allocated with malloc" url="chapters_3.html#SEC27"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.4 Changing the Size of a Block" url="chapters_3.html#SEC28"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.5 Allocating Cleared Space" url="chapters_3.html#SEC29"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.6 Efficiency Considerations for malloc" url="chapters_3.html#SEC30"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.7 Allocating Aligned Memory Blocks" url="chapters_3.html#SEC31"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.8 Malloc Tunable Parameters" url="chapters_3.html#SEC32"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.9 Heap Consistency Checking" url="chapters_3.html#SEC33"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.10 Memory Allocation Hooks" url="chapters_3.html#SEC34"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.11 Statistics for Memory Allocation with malloc" url="chapters_3.html#SEC35"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.2.12 Summary of malloc-Related Functions" url="chapters_3.html#SEC36"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="3.2.3 Allocation Debugging" url="chapters_3.html#SEC37"> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.3.1 How to install the tracing functionality" url="chapters_3.html#SEC38"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.3.2 Example program excerpts" url="chapters_3.html#SEC39"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.3.3 Some more or less clever ideas" url="chapters_3.html#SEC40"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.3.4 Interpreting the traces" url="chapters_3.html#SEC41"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="3.2.4 Obstacks" url="chapters_3.html#SEC42"> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.1 Creating Obstacks" url="chapters_3.html#SEC43"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.2 Preparing for Using Obstacks" url="chapters_3.html#SEC44"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.3 Allocation in an Obstack" url="chapters_3.html#SEC45"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.4 Freeing Objects in an Obstack" url="chapters_3.html#SEC46"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.5 Obstack Functions and Macros" url="chapters_3.html#SEC47"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.6 Growing Objects" url="chapters_3.html#SEC48"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.7 Extra Fast Growing Objects" url="chapters_3.html#SEC49"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.8 Status of an Obstack" url="chapters_3.html#SEC50"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.9 Alignment of Data in Obstacks" url="chapters_3.html#SEC51"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.10 Obstack Chunks" url="chapters_3.html#SEC52"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.4.11 Summary of Obstack Functions" url="chapters_3.html#SEC53"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="3.2.5 Automatic Storage with Variable Size" url="chapters_3.html#SEC54"> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.5.1 alloca Example" url="chapters_3.html#SEC55"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.5.2 Advantages of alloca" url="chapters_3.html#SEC56"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.5.3 Disadvantages of alloca" url="chapters_3.html#SEC57"/> - <tocsect4 name="3.2.5.4 GNU C Variable-Size Arrays" url="chapters_3.html#SEC58"/> - </tocsect3> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="3.3 Resizing the Data Segment" url="chapters_3.html#SEC59"/> - <tocsect2 name="3.4 Locking Pages" url="chapters_3.html#SEC60"> - <tocsect3 name="3.4.1 Why Lock Pages" url="chapters_3.html#SEC61"/> - <tocsect3 name="3.4.2 Locked Memory Details" url="chapters_3.html#SEC62"/> - <tocsect3 name="3.4.3 Functions To Lock And Unlock Pages" url="chapters_3.html#SEC63"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="4. Character Handling" url="chapters_4.html#SEC64"> - <tocsect2 name="4.1 Classification of Characters" url="chapters_4.html#SEC65"/> - <tocsect2 name="4.2 Case Conversion" url="chapters_4.html#SEC66"/> - <tocsect2 name="4.3 Character class determination for wide characters" url="chapters_4.html#SEC67"/> - <tocsect2 name="4.4 Notes on using the wide character classes" url="chapters_4.html#SEC68"/> - <tocsect2 name="4.5 Mapping of wide characters." url="chapters_4.html#SEC69"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="5. String and Array Utilities" url="chapters_5.html#SEC70"> - <tocsect2 name="5.1 Representation of Strings" url="chapters_5.html#SEC71"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.2 String and Array Conventions" url="chapters_5.html#SEC72"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.3 String Length" url="chapters_5.html#SEC73"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.4 Copying and Concatenation" url="chapters_5.html#SEC74"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.5 String/Array Comparison" url="chapters_5.html#SEC75"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.6 Collation Functions" url="chapters_5.html#SEC76"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.7 Search Functions" url="chapters_5.html#SEC77"> - <tocsect3 name="5.7.1 Compatibility String Search Functions" url="chapters_5.html#SEC78"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="5.8 Finding Tokens in a String" url="chapters_5.html#SEC79"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.9 strfry" url="chapters_5.html#SEC80"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.10 Trivial Encryption" url="chapters_5.html#SEC81"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.11 Encode Binary Data" url="chapters_5.html#SEC82"/> - <tocsect2 name="5.12 Argz and Envz Vectors" url="chapters_5.html#SEC83"> - <tocsect3 name="5.12.1 Argz Functions" url="chapters_5.html#SEC84"/> - <tocsect3 name="5.12.2 Envz Functions" url="chapters_5.html#SEC85"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="6. Character Set Handling" url="chapters_6.html#SEC86"> - <tocsect2 name="6.1 Introduction to Extended Characters" url="chapters_6.html#SEC87"/> - <tocsect2 name="6.2 Overview about Character Handling Functions" url="chapters_6.html#SEC88"/> - <tocsect2 name="6.3 Restartable Multibyte Conversion Functions" url="chapters_6.html#SEC89"> - <tocsect3 name="6.3.1 Selecting the conversion and its properties" url="chapters_6.html#SEC90"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.3.2 Representing the state of the conversion" url="chapters_6.html#SEC91"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.3.3 Converting Single Characters" url="chapters_6.html#SEC92"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.3.4 Converting Multibyte and Wide Character Strings" url="chapters_6.html#SEC93"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.3.5 A Complete Multibyte Conversion Example" url="chapters_6.html#SEC94"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="6.4 Non-reentrant Conversion Function" url="chapters_6.html#SEC95"> - <tocsect3 name="6.4.1 Non-reentrant Conversion of Single Characters" url="chapters_6.html#SEC96"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.4.2 Non-reentrant Conversion of Strings" url="chapters_6.html#SEC97"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.4.3 States in Non-reentrant Functions" url="chapters_6.html#SEC98"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="6.5 Generic Charset Conversion" url="chapters_6.html#SEC99"> - <tocsect3 name="6.5.1 Generic Character Set Conversion Interface" url="chapters_6.html#SEC100"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.5.2 A complete iconv example" url="chapters_6.html#SEC101"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.5.3 Some Details about other iconv Implementations" url="chapters_6.html#SEC102"/> - <tocsect3 name="6.5.4 The iconv Implementation in the GNU C library" url="chapters_6.html#SEC103"> - <tocsect4 name="6.5.4.1 Format of `gconv-modules' files" url="chapters_6.html#SEC104"/> - <tocsect4 name="6.5.4.2 Finding the conversion path in iconv" url="chapters_6.html#SEC105"/> - <tocsect4 name="6.5.4.3 iconv module data structures" url="chapters_6.html#SEC106"/> - <tocsect4 name="6.5.4.4 iconv module interfaces" url="chapters_6.html#SEC107"/> - </tocsect3> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="7. Locales and Internationalization" url="chapters_7.html#SEC108"> - <tocsect2 name="7.1 What Effects a Locale Has" url="chapters_7.html#SEC109"/> - <tocsect2 name="7.2 Choosing a Locale" url="chapters_7.html#SEC110"/> - <tocsect2 name="7.3 Categories of Activities that Locales Affect" url="chapters_7.html#SEC111"/> - <tocsect2 name="7.4 How Programs Set the Locale" url="chapters_7.html#SEC112"/> - <tocsect2 name="7.5 Standard Locales" url="chapters_7.html#SEC113"/> - <tocsect2 name="7.6 Accessing Locale Information" url="chapters_7.html#SEC114"> - <tocsect3 name="7.6.1 localeconv: It is portable but small...small" url="chapters_7.html#SEC115"> - <tocsect4 name="7.6.1.1 Generic Numeric Formatting Parameters" url="chapters_7.html#SEC116"/> - <tocsect4 name="7.6.1.2 Printing the Currency Symbol" url="chapters_7.html#SEC117"/> - <tocsect4 name="7.6.1.3 Printing the Sign of a Monetary Amount" url="chapters_7.html#SEC118"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="7.6.2 Pinpoint Access to Locale Data" url="chapters_7.html#SEC119"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="7.7 A dedicated function to format numbers" url="chapters_7.html#SEC120"/> - <tocsect2 name="7.8 Yes-or-No Questions" url="chapters_7.html#SEC121"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="8. Message Translation" url="chapters_8.html#SEC122"> - <tocsect2 name="8.1 X/Open Message Catalog Handling" url="chapters_8.html#SEC123"> - <tocsect3 name="8.1.1 The catgets function family" url="chapters_8.html#SEC124"/> - <tocsect3 name="8.1.2 Format of the message catalog files" url="chapters_8.html#SEC125"/> - <tocsect3 name="8.1.3 Generate Message Catalogs files" url="chapters_8.html#SEC126"/> - <tocsect3 name="8.1.4 How to use the catgets interface" url="chapters_8.html#SEC127"> - <tocsect4 name="8.1.4.1 Not using symbolic names" url="chapters_8.html#SEC128"/> - <tocsect4 name="8.1.4.2 Using symbolic names" url="chapters_8.html#SEC129"/> - <tocsect4 name="8.1.4.3 How does to this allow to develop" url="chapters_8.html#SEC130"/> - </tocsect3> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="8.2 The Uniforum approach to Message Translation" url="chapters_8.html#SEC131"> - <tocsect3 name="8.2.1 The gettext family of functions" url="chapters_8.html#SEC132"> - <tocsect4 name="8.2.1.1 What has to be done to translate a message?" url="chapters_8.html#SEC133"/> - <tocsect4 name="8.2.1.2 How to determine which catalog to be used" url="chapters_8.html#SEC134"/> - <tocsect4 name="8.2.1.3 Additional functions for more complicated situations" url="chapters_8.html#SEC135"/> - <tocsect4 name="8.2.1.4 How to specify the output character set gettext uses" url="chapters_8.html#SEC137"/> - <tocsect4 name="8.2.1.5 How to use gettext in GUI programs" url="chapters_8.html#SEC138"/> - <tocsect4 name="8.2.1.6 User influence on gettext" url="chapters_8.html#SEC139"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="8.2.2 Programs to handle message catalogs for gettext" url="chapters_8.html#SEC140"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="9. Searching and Sorting" url="chapters_9.html#SEC141"> - <tocsect2 name="9.1 Defining the Comparison Function" url="chapters_9.html#SEC142"/> - <tocsect2 name="9.2 Array Search Function" url="chapters_9.html#SEC143"/> - <tocsect2 name="9.3 Array Sort Function" url="chapters_9.html#SEC144"/> - <tocsect2 name="9.4 Searching and Sorting Example" url="chapters_9.html#SEC145"/> - <tocsect2 name="9.5 The hsearch function." url="chapters_9.html#SEC146"/> - <tocsect2 name="9.6 The tsearch function." url="chapters_9.html#SEC147"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="10. Pattern Matching" url="chapters_10.html#SEC148"> - <tocsect2 name="10.1 Wildcard Matching" url="chapters_10.html#SEC149"/> - <tocsect2 name="10.2 Globbing" url="chapters_10.html#SEC150"> - <tocsect3 name="10.2.1 Calling glob" url="chapters_10.html#SEC151"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.2.2 Flags for Globbing" url="chapters_10.html#SEC152"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.2.3 More Flags for Globbing" url="chapters_10.html#SEC153"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="10.3 Regular Expression Matching" url="chapters_10.html#SEC154"> - <tocsect3 name="10.3.1 POSIX Regular Expression Compilation" url="chapters_10.html#SEC155"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.3.2 Flags for POSIX Regular Expressions" url="chapters_10.html#SEC156"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.3.3 Matching a Compiled POSIX Regular Expression" url="chapters_10.html#SEC157"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.3.4 Match Results with Subexpressions" url="chapters_10.html#SEC158"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.3.5 Complications in Subexpression Matching" url="chapters_10.html#SEC159"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.3.6 POSIX Regexp Matching Cleanup" url="chapters_10.html#SEC160"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="10.4 Shell-Style Word Expansion" url="chapters_10.html#SEC161"> - <tocsect3 name="10.4.1 The Stages of Word Expansion" url="chapters_10.html#SEC162"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.4.2 Calling wordexp" url="chapters_10.html#SEC163"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.4.3 Flags for Word Expansion" url="chapters_10.html#SEC164"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.4.4 wordexp Example" url="chapters_10.html#SEC165"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.4.5 Details of Tilde Expansion" url="chapters_10.html#SEC166"/> - <tocsect3 name="10.4.6 Details of Variable Substitution" url="chapters_10.html#SEC167"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="11. Input/Output Overview" url="chapters_11.html#SEC168"> - <tocsect2 name="11.1 Input/Output Concepts" url="chapters_11.html#SEC169"> - <tocsect3 name="11.1.1 Streams and File Descriptors" url="chapters_11.html#SEC170"/> - <tocsect3 name="11.1.2 File Position" url="chapters_11.html#SEC171"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="11.2 File Names" url="chapters_11.html#SEC172"> - <tocsect3 name="11.2.1 Directories" url="chapters_11.html#SEC173"/> - <tocsect3 name="11.2.2 File Name Resolution" url="chapters_11.html#SEC174"/> - <tocsect3 name="11.2.3 File Name Errors" url="chapters_11.html#SEC175"/> - <tocsect3 name="11.2.4 Portability of File Names" url="chapters_11.html#SEC176"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="12. Input/Output on Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC177"> - <tocsect2 name="12.1 Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC178"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.2 Standard Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC179"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.3 Opening Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC180"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.4 Closing Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC181"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.5 Streams and Threads" url="chapters_12.html#SEC182"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.6 Streams in Internationalized Applications" url="chapters_12.html#SEC183"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.7 Simple Output by Characters or Lines" url="chapters_12.html#SEC184"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.8 Character Input" url="chapters_12.html#SEC185"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.9 Line-Oriented Input" url="chapters_12.html#SEC186"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.10 Unreading" url="chapters_12.html#SEC187"> - <tocsect3 name="12.10.1 What Unreading Means" url="chapters_12.html#SEC188"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.10.2 Using ungetc To Do Unreading" url="chapters_12.html#SEC189"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="12.11 Block Input/Output" url="chapters_12.html#SEC190"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.12 Formatted Output" url="chapters_12.html#SEC191"> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.1 Formatted Output Basics" url="chapters_12.html#SEC192"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.2 Output Conversion Syntax" url="chapters_12.html#SEC193"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.3 Table of Output Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC194"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.4 Integer Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC195"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.5 Floating-Point Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC196"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.6 Other Output Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC197"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.7 Formatted Output Functions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC198"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.8 Dynamically Allocating Formatted Output" url="chapters_12.html#SEC199"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.9 Variable Arguments Output Functions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC200"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.10 Parsing a Template String" url="chapters_12.html#SEC201"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.12.11 Example of Parsing a Template String" url="chapters_12.html#SEC202"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="12.13 Customizing printf" url="chapters_12.html#SEC203"> - <tocsect3 name="12.13.1 Registering New Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC204"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.13.2 Conversion Specifier Options" url="chapters_12.html#SEC205"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.13.3 Defining the Output Handler" url="chapters_12.html#SEC206"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.13.4 printf Extension Example" url="chapters_12.html#SEC207"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.13.5 Predefined printf Handlers" url="chapters_12.html#SEC208"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="12.14 Formatted Input" url="chapters_12.html#SEC209"> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.1 Formatted Input Basics" url="chapters_12.html#SEC210"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.2 Input Conversion Syntax" url="chapters_12.html#SEC211"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.3 Table of Input Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC212"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.4 Numeric Input Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC213"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.5 String Input Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC214"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.6 Dynamically Allocating String Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC215"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.7 Other Input Conversions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC216"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.8 Formatted Input Functions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC217"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.14.9 Variable Arguments Input Functions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC218"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="12.15 End-Of-File and Errors" url="chapters_12.html#SEC219"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.16 Recovering from errors" url="chapters_12.html#SEC220"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.17 Text and Binary Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC221"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.18 File Positioning" url="chapters_12.html#SEC222"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.19 Portable File-Position Functions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC223"/> - <tocsect2 name="12.20 Stream Buffering" url="chapters_12.html#SEC224"> - <tocsect3 name="12.20.1 Buffering Concepts" url="chapters_12.html#SEC225"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.20.2 Flushing Buffers" url="chapters_12.html#SEC226"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.20.3 Controlling Which Kind of Buffering" url="chapters_12.html#SEC227"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="12.21 Other Kinds of Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC228"> - <tocsect3 name="12.21.1 String Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC229"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.21.2 Obstack Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC230"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.21.3 Programming Your Own Custom Streams" url="chapters_12.html#SEC231"> - <tocsect4 name="12.21.3.1 Custom Streams and Cookies" url="chapters_12.html#SEC232"/> - <tocsect4 name="12.21.3.2 Custom Stream Hook Functions" url="chapters_12.html#SEC233"/> - </tocsect3> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="12.22 Formatted Messages" url="chapters_12.html#SEC234"> - <tocsect3 name="12.22.1 Printing Formatted Messages" url="chapters_12.html#SEC235"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.22.2 Adding Severity Classes" url="chapters_12.html#SEC236"/> - <tocsect3 name="12.22.3 How to use fmtmsg and addseverity" url="chapters_12.html#SEC237"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="13. Low-Level Input/Output" url="chapters_13.html#SEC238"> - <tocsect2 name="13.1 Opening and Closing Files" url="chapters_13.html#SEC239"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.2 Input and Output Primitives" url="chapters_13.html#SEC240"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.3 Setting the File Position of a Descriptor" url="chapters_13.html#SEC241"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.4 Descriptors and Streams" url="chapters_13.html#SEC242"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.5 Dangers of Mixing Streams and Descriptors" url="chapters_13.html#SEC243"> - <tocsect3 name="13.5.1 Linked Channels" url="chapters_13.html#SEC244"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.5.2 Independent Channels" url="chapters_13.html#SEC245"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.5.3 Cleaning Streams" url="chapters_13.html#SEC246"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="13.6 Fast Scatter-Gather I/O" url="chapters_13.html#SEC247"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.7 Memory-mapped I/O" url="chapters_13.html#SEC248"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.8 Waiting for Input or Output" url="chapters_13.html#SEC249"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.9 Synchronizing I/O operations" url="chapters_13.html#SEC250"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.10 Perform I/O Operations in Parallel" url="chapters_13.html#SEC251"> - <tocsect3 name="13.10.1 Asynchronous Read and Write Operations" url="chapters_13.html#SEC252"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.10.2 Getting the Status of AIO Operations" url="chapters_13.html#SEC253"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.10.3 Getting into a Consistent State" url="chapters_13.html#SEC254"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.10.4 Cancellation of AIO Operations" url="chapters_13.html#SEC255"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.10.5 How to optimize the AIO implementation" url="chapters_13.html#SEC256"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="13.11 Control Operations on Files" url="chapters_13.html#SEC257"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.12 Duplicating Descriptors" url="chapters_13.html#SEC258"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.13 File Descriptor Flags" url="chapters_13.html#SEC259"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.14 File Status Flags" url="chapters_13.html#SEC260"> - <tocsect3 name="13.14.1 File Access Modes" url="chapters_13.html#SEC261"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.14.2 Open-time Flags" url="chapters_13.html#SEC262"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.14.3 I/O Operating Modes" url="chapters_13.html#SEC263"/> - <tocsect3 name="13.14.4 Getting and Setting File Status Flags" url="chapters_13.html#SEC264"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="13.15 File Locks" url="chapters_13.html#SEC265"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.16 Interrupt-Driven Input" url="chapters_13.html#SEC266"/> - <tocsect2 name="13.17 Generic I/O Control operations" url="chapters_13.html#SEC267"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="14. File System Interface" url="chapters_14.html#SEC268"> - <tocsect2 name="14.1 Working Directory" url="chapters_14.html#SEC269"/> - <tocsect2 name="14.2 Accessing Directories" url="chapters_14.html#SEC270"> - <tocsect3 name="14.2.1 Format of a Directory Entry" url="chapters_14.html#SEC271"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.2.2 Opening a Directory Stream" url="chapters_14.html#SEC272"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.2.3 Reading and Closing a Directory Stream" url="chapters_14.html#SEC273"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.2.4 Simple Program to List a Directory" url="chapters_14.html#SEC274"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.2.5 Random Access in a Directory Stream" url="chapters_14.html#SEC275"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.2.6 Scanning the Content of a Directory" url="chapters_14.html#SEC276"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.2.7 Simple Program to List a Directory, Mark II" url="chapters_14.html#SEC277"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="14.3 Working with Directory Trees" url="chapters_14.html#SEC278"/> - <tocsect2 name="14.4 Hard Links" url="chapters_14.html#SEC279"/> - <tocsect2 name="14.5 Symbolic Links" url="chapters_14.html#SEC280"/> - <tocsect2 name="14.6 Deleting Files" url="chapters_14.html#SEC281"/> - <tocsect2 name="14.7 Renaming Files" url="chapters_14.html#SEC282"/> - <tocsect2 name="14.8 Creating Directories" url="chapters_14.html#SEC283"/> - <tocsect2 name="14.9 File Attributes" url="chapters_14.html#SEC284"> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.1 The meaning of the File Attributes" url="chapters_14.html#SEC285"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.2 Reading the Attributes of a File" url="chapters_14.html#SEC286"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.3 Testing the Type of a File" url="chapters_14.html#SEC287"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.4 File Owner" url="chapters_14.html#SEC288"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.5 The Mode Bits for Access Permission" url="chapters_14.html#SEC289"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.6 How Your Access to a File is Decided" url="chapters_14.html#SEC290"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.7 Assigning File Permissions" url="chapters_14.html#SEC291"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.8 Testing Permission to Access a File" url="chapters_14.html#SEC292"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.9 File Times" url="chapters_14.html#SEC293"/> - <tocsect3 name="14.9.10 File Size" url="chapters_14.html#SEC294"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="14.10 Making Special Files" url="chapters_14.html#SEC295"/> - <tocsect2 name="14.11 Temporary Files" url="chapters_14.html#SEC296"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="15. Pipes and FIFOs" url="chapters_15.html#SEC297"> - <tocsect2 name="15.1 Creating a Pipe" url="chapters_15.html#SEC298"/> - <tocsect2 name="15.2 Pipe to a Subprocess" url="chapters_15.html#SEC299"/> - <tocsect2 name="15.3 FIFO Special Files" url="chapters_15.html#SEC300"/> - <tocsect2 name="15.4 Atomicity of Pipe I/O" url="chapters_15.html#SEC301"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="16. Sockets" url="chapters_16.html#SEC302"> - <tocsect2 name="16.1 Socket Concepts" url="chapters_16.html#SEC303"/> - <tocsect2 name="16.2 Communication Styles" url="chapters_16.html#SEC304"/> - <tocsect2 name="16.3 Socket Addresses" url="chapters_16.html#SEC305"> - <tocsect3 name="16.3.1 Address Formats" url="chapters_16.html#SEC306"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.3.2 Setting the Address of a Socket" url="chapters_16.html#SEC307"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.3.3 Reading the Address of a Socket" url="chapters_16.html#SEC308"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="16.4 Interface Naming" url="chapters_16.html#SEC309"/> - <tocsect2 name="16.5 The Local Namespace" url="chapters_16.html#SEC310"> - <tocsect3 name="16.5.1 Local Namespace Concepts" url="chapters_16.html#SEC311"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.5.2 Details of Local Namespace" url="chapters_16.html#SEC312"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.5.3 Example of Local-Namespace Sockets" url="chapters_16.html#SEC313"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="16.6 The Internet Namespace" url="chapters_16.html#SEC314"> - <tocsect3 name="16.6.1 Internet Socket Address Formats" url="chapters_16.html#SEC315"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.6.2 Host Addresses" url="chapters_16.html#SEC316"> - <tocsect4 name="16.6.2.1 Internet Host Addresses" url="chapters_16.html#SEC317"/> - <tocsect4 name="16.6.2.2 Host Address Data Type" url="chapters_16.html#SEC320"/> - <tocsect4 name="16.6.2.3 Host Address Functions" url="chapters_16.html#SEC321"/> - <tocsect4 name="16.6.2.4 Host Names" url="chapters_16.html#SEC322"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="16.6.3 Internet Ports" url="chapters_16.html#SEC323"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.6.4 The Services Database" url="chapters_16.html#SEC324"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.6.5 Byte Order Conversion" url="chapters_16.html#SEC325"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.6.6 Protocols Database" url="chapters_16.html#SEC326"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.6.7 Internet Socket Example" url="chapters_16.html#SEC327"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="16.7 Other Namespaces" url="chapters_16.html#SEC328"/> - <tocsect2 name="16.8 Opening and Closing Sockets" url="chapters_16.html#SEC329"> - <tocsect3 name="16.8.1 Creating a Socket" url="chapters_16.html#SEC330"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.8.2 Closing a Socket" url="chapters_16.html#SEC331"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.8.3 Socket Pairs" url="chapters_16.html#SEC332"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="16.9 Using Sockets with Connections" url="chapters_16.html#SEC333"> - <tocsect3 name="16.9.1 Making a Connection" url="chapters_16.html#SEC334"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.9.2 Listening for Connections" url="chapters_16.html#SEC335"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.9.3 Accepting Connections" url="chapters_16.html#SEC336"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.9.4 Who is Connected to Me?" url="chapters_16.html#SEC337"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.9.5 Transferring Data" url="chapters_16.html#SEC338"> - <tocsect4 name="16.9.5.1 Sending Data" url="chapters_16.html#SEC339"/> - <tocsect4 name="16.9.5.2 Receiving Data" url="chapters_16.html#SEC340"/> - <tocsect4 name="16.9.5.3 Socket Data Options" url="chapters_16.html#SEC341"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="16.9.6 Byte Stream Socket Example" url="chapters_16.html#SEC342"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.9.7 Byte Stream Connection Server Example" url="chapters_16.html#SEC343"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.9.8 Out-of-Band Data" url="chapters_16.html#SEC344"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="16.10 Datagram Socket Operations" url="chapters_16.html#SEC345"> - <tocsect3 name="16.10.1 Sending Datagrams" url="chapters_16.html#SEC346"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.10.2 Receiving Datagrams" url="chapters_16.html#SEC347"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.10.3 Datagram Socket Example" url="chapters_16.html#SEC348"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.10.4 Example of Reading Datagrams" url="chapters_16.html#SEC349"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="16.11 The inetd Daemon" url="chapters_16.html#SEC350"> - <tocsect3 name="16.11.1 inetd Servers" url="chapters_16.html#SEC351"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.11.2 Configuring inetd" url="chapters_16.html#SEC352"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="16.12 Socket Options" url="chapters_16.html#SEC353"> - <tocsect3 name="16.12.1 Socket Option Functions" url="chapters_16.html#SEC354"/> - <tocsect3 name="16.12.2 Socket-Level Options" url="chapters_16.html#SEC355"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="16.13 Networks Database" url="chapters_16.html#SEC356"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="17. Low-Level Terminal Interface" url="chapters_17.html#SEC357"> - <tocsect2 name="17.1 Identifying Terminals" url="chapters_17.html#SEC358"/> - <tocsect2 name="17.2 I/O Queues" url="chapters_17.html#SEC359"/> - <tocsect2 name="17.3 Two Styles of Input: Canonical or Not" url="chapters_17.html#SEC360"/> - <tocsect2 name="17.4 Terminal Modes" url="chapters_17.html#SEC361"> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.1 Terminal Mode Data Types" url="chapters_17.html#SEC362"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.2 Terminal Mode Functions" url="chapters_17.html#SEC363"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.3 Setting Terminal Modes Properly" url="chapters_17.html#SEC364"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.4 Input Modes" url="chapters_17.html#SEC365"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.5 Output Modes" url="chapters_17.html#SEC366"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.6 Control Modes" url="chapters_17.html#SEC367"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.7 Local Modes" url="chapters_17.html#SEC368"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.8 Line Speed" url="chapters_17.html#SEC369"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.9 Special Characters" url="chapters_17.html#SEC370"> - <tocsect4 name="17.4.9.1 Characters for Input Editing" url="chapters_17.html#SEC371"/> - <tocsect4 name="17.4.9.2 Characters that Cause Signals" url="chapters_17.html#SEC372"/> - <tocsect4 name="17.4.9.3 Special Characters for Flow Control" url="chapters_17.html#SEC373"/> - <tocsect4 name="17.4.9.4 Other Special Characters" url="chapters_17.html#SEC374"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="17.4.10 Noncanonical Input" url="chapters_17.html#SEC375"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="17.5 BSD Terminal Modes" url="chapters_17.html#SEC376"/> - <tocsect2 name="17.6 Line Control Functions" url="chapters_17.html#SEC377"/> - <tocsect2 name="17.7 Noncanonical Mode Example" url="chapters_17.html#SEC378"/> - <tocsect2 name="17.8 Pseudo-Terminals" url="chapters_17.html#SEC379"> - <tocsect3 name="17.8.1 Allocating Pseudo-Terminals" url="chapters_17.html#SEC380"/> - <tocsect3 name="17.8.2 Opening a Pseudo-Terminal Pair" url="chapters_17.html#SEC381"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="18. Syslog" url="chapters_18.html#SEC382"> - <tocsect2 name="18.1 Overview of Syslog" url="chapters_18.html#SEC383"/> - <tocsect2 name="18.2 Submitting Syslog Messages" url="chapters_18.html#SEC384"> - <tocsect3 name="18.2.1 openlog" url="chapters_18.html#SEC385"/> - <tocsect3 name="18.2.2 syslog, vsyslog" url="chapters_18.html#SEC386"/> - <tocsect3 name="18.2.3 closelog" url="chapters_18.html#SEC387"/> - <tocsect3 name="18.2.4 setlogmask" url="chapters_18.html#SEC388"/> - <tocsect3 name="18.2.5 Syslog Example" url="chapters_18.html#SEC389"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="19. Mathematics" url="chapters_19.html#SEC390"> - <tocsect2 name="19.1 Predefined Mathematical Constants" url="chapters_19.html#SEC391"/> - <tocsect2 name="19.2 Trigonometric Functions" url="chapters_19.html#SEC392"/> - <tocsect2 name="19.3 Inverse Trigonometric Functions" url="chapters_19.html#SEC393"/> - <tocsect2 name="19.4 Exponentiation and Logarithms" url="chapters_19.html#SEC394"/> - <tocsect2 name="19.5 Hyperbolic Functions" url="chapters_19.html#SEC395"/> - <tocsect2 name="19.6 Special Functions" url="chapters_19.html#SEC396"/> - <tocsect2 name="19.7 Known Maximum Errors in Math Functions" url="chapters_19.html#SEC397"/> - <tocsect2 name="19.8 Pseudo-Random Numbers" url="chapters_19.html#SEC398"> - <tocsect3 name="19.8.1 ISO C Random Number Functions" url="chapters_19.html#SEC399"/> - <tocsect3 name="19.8.2 BSD Random Number Functions" url="chapters_19.html#SEC400"/> - <tocsect3 name="19.8.3 SVID Random Number Function" url="chapters_19.html#SEC401"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="19.9 Is Fast Code or Small Code preferred?" url="chapters_19.html#SEC402"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="20. Arithmetic Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC403"> - <tocsect2 name="20.1 Integers" url="chapters_20.html#SEC404"/> - <tocsect2 name="20.2 Integer Division" url="chapters_20.html#SEC405"/> - <tocsect2 name="20.3 Floating Point Numbers" url="chapters_20.html#SEC406"/> - <tocsect2 name="20.4 Floating-Point Number Classification Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC407"/> - <tocsect2 name="20.5 Errors in Floating-Point Calculations" url="chapters_20.html#SEC408"> - <tocsect3 name="20.5.1 FP Exceptions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC409"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.5.2 Infinity and NaN" url="chapters_20.html#SEC410"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.5.3 Examining the FPU status word" url="chapters_20.html#SEC411"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.5.4 Error Reporting by Mathematical Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC412"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="20.6 Rounding Modes" url="chapters_20.html#SEC413"/> - <tocsect2 name="20.7 Floating-Point Control Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC414"/> - <tocsect2 name="20.8 Arithmetic Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC415"> - <tocsect3 name="20.8.1 Absolute Value" url="chapters_20.html#SEC416"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.8.2 Normalization Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC417"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.8.3 Rounding Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC418"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.8.4 Remainder Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC419"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.8.5 Setting and modifying single bits of FP values" url="chapters_20.html#SEC420"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.8.6 Floating-Point Comparison Functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC421"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.8.7 Miscellaneous FP arithmetic functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC422"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="20.9 Complex Numbers" url="chapters_20.html#SEC423"/> - <tocsect2 name="20.10 Projections, Conjugates, and Decomposing of Complex Numbers" url="chapters_20.html#SEC424"/> - <tocsect2 name="20.11 Parsing of Numbers" url="chapters_20.html#SEC425"> - <tocsect3 name="20.11.1 Parsing of Integers" url="chapters_20.html#SEC426"/> - <tocsect3 name="20.11.2 Parsing of Floats" url="chapters_20.html#SEC427"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="20.12 Old-fashioned System V number-to-string functions" url="chapters_20.html#SEC428"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="21. Date and Time" url="chapters_21.html#SEC429"> - <tocsect2 name="21.1 Time Basics" url="chapters_21.html#SEC430"/> - <tocsect2 name="21.2 Elapsed Time" url="chapters_21.html#SEC431"/> - <tocsect2 name="21.3 Processor And CPU Time" url="chapters_21.html#SEC432"> - <tocsect3 name="21.3.1 CPU Time Inquiry" url="chapters_21.html#SEC433"/> - <tocsect3 name="21.3.2 Processor Time Inquiry" url="chapters_21.html#SEC434"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="21.4 Calendar Time" url="chapters_21.html#SEC435"> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.1 Simple Calendar Time" url="chapters_21.html#SEC436"/> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.2 High-Resolution Calendar" url="chapters_21.html#SEC437"/> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.3 Broken-down Time" url="chapters_21.html#SEC438"/> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.4 High Accuracy Clock" url="chapters_21.html#SEC439"/> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.5 Formatting Calendar Time" url="chapters_21.html#SEC440"/> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.6 Convert textual time and date information back" url="chapters_21.html#SEC441"> - <tocsect4 name="21.4.6.1 Interpret string according to given format" url="chapters_21.html#SEC442"/> - <tocsect4 name="21.4.6.2 A More User-friendly Way to Parse Times and Dates" url="chapters_21.html#SEC443"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.7 Specifying the Time Zone with TZ" url="chapters_21.html#SEC444"/> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.8 Functions and Variables for Time Zones" url="chapters_21.html#SEC445"/> - <tocsect3 name="21.4.9 Time Functions Example" url="chapters_21.html#SEC446"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="21.5 Setting an Alarm" url="chapters_21.html#SEC447"/> - <tocsect2 name="21.6 Sleeping" url="chapters_21.html#SEC448"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="22. Resource Usage And Limitation" url="chapters_22.html#SEC449"> - <tocsect2 name="22.1 Resource Usage" url="chapters_22.html#SEC450"/> - <tocsect2 name="22.2 Limiting Resource Usage" url="chapters_22.html#SEC451"/> - <tocsect2 name="22.3 Process CPU Priority And Scheduling" url="chapters_22.html#SEC452"> - <tocsect3 name="22.3.1 Absolute Priority" url="chapters_22.html#SEC453"> - <tocsect4 name="22.3.1.1 Using Absolute Priority" url="chapters_22.html#SEC454"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="22.3.2 Realtime Scheduling" url="chapters_22.html#SEC455"/> - <tocsect3 name="22.3.3 Basic Scheduling Functions" url="chapters_22.html#SEC456"/> - <tocsect3 name="22.3.4 Traditional Scheduling" url="chapters_22.html#SEC457"> - <tocsect4 name="22.3.4.1 Introduction To Traditional Scheduling" url="chapters_22.html#SEC458"/> - <tocsect4 name="22.3.4.2 Functions For Traditional Scheduling" url="chapters_22.html#SEC459"/> - </tocsect3> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="22.4 Querying memory available resources" url="chapters_22.html#SEC460"> - <tocsect3 name="22.4.1 Overview about traditional Unix memory handling" url="chapters_22.html#SEC461"/> - <tocsect3 name="22.4.2 How to get information about the memory subsystem?" url="chapters_22.html#SEC462"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="22.5 Learn about the processors available" url="chapters_22.html#SEC463"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="23. Non-Local Exits" url="chapters_23.html#SEC464"> - <tocsect2 name="23.1 Introduction to Non-Local Exits" url="chapters_23.html#SEC465"/> - <tocsect2 name="23.2 Details of Non-Local Exits" url="chapters_23.html#SEC466"/> - <tocsect2 name="23.3 Non-Local Exits and Signals" url="chapters_23.html#SEC467"/> - <tocsect2 name="23.4 Complete Context Control" url="chapters_23.html#SEC468"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="24. Signal Handling" url="chapters_24.html#SEC470"> - <tocsect2 name="24.1 Basic Concepts of Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC471"> - <tocsect3 name="24.1.1 Some Kinds of Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC472"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.1.2 Concepts of Signal Generation" url="chapters_24.html#SEC473"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.1.3 How Signals Are Delivered" url="chapters_24.html#SEC474"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="24.2 Standard Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC475"> - <tocsect3 name="24.2.1 Program Error Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC476"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.2.2 Termination Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC477"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.2.3 Alarm Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC478"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.2.4 Asynchronous I/O Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC479"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.2.5 Job Control Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC480"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.2.6 Operation Error Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC481"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.2.7 Miscellaneous Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC482"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.2.8 Signal Messages" url="chapters_24.html#SEC483"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="24.3 Specifying Signal Actions" url="chapters_24.html#SEC484"> - <tocsect3 name="24.3.1 Basic Signal Handling" url="chapters_24.html#SEC485"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.3.2 Advanced Signal Handling" url="chapters_24.html#SEC486"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.3.3 Interaction of signal and sigaction" url="chapters_24.html#SEC487"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.3.4 sigaction Function Example" url="chapters_24.html#SEC488"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.3.5 Flags for sigaction" url="chapters_24.html#SEC489"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.3.6 Initial Signal Actions" url="chapters_24.html#SEC490"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="24.4 Defining Signal Handlers" url="chapters_24.html#SEC491"> - <tocsect3 name="24.4.1 Signal Handlers that Return" url="chapters_24.html#SEC492"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.4.2 Handlers That Terminate the Process" url="chapters_24.html#SEC493"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.4.3 Nonlocal Control Transfer in Handlers" url="chapters_24.html#SEC494"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.4.4 Signals Arriving While a Handler Runs" url="chapters_24.html#SEC495"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.4.5 Signals Close Together Merge into One" url="chapters_24.html#SEC496"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.4.6 Signal Handling and Nonreentrant Functions" url="chapters_24.html#SEC497"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.4.7 Atomic Data Access and Signal Handling" url="chapters_24.html#SEC498"> - <tocsect4 name="24.4.7.1 Problems with Non-Atomic Access" url="chapters_24.html#SEC499"/> - <tocsect4 name="24.4.7.2 Atomic Types" url="chapters_24.html#SEC500"/> - <tocsect4 name="24.4.7.3 Atomic Usage Patterns" url="chapters_24.html#SEC501"/> - </tocsect3> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="24.5 Primitives Interrupted by Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC502"/> - <tocsect2 name="24.6 Generating Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC503"> - <tocsect3 name="24.6.1 Signaling Yourself" url="chapters_24.html#SEC504"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.6.2 Signaling Another Process" url="chapters_24.html#SEC505"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.6.3 Permission for using kill" url="chapters_24.html#SEC506"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.6.4 Using kill for Communication" url="chapters_24.html#SEC507"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="24.7 Blocking Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC508"> - <tocsect3 name="24.7.1 Why Blocking Signals is Useful" url="chapters_24.html#SEC509"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.7.2 Signal Sets" url="chapters_24.html#SEC510"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.7.3 Process Signal Mask" url="chapters_24.html#SEC511"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.7.4 Blocking to Test for Delivery of a Signal" url="chapters_24.html#SEC512"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.7.5 Blocking Signals for a Handler" url="chapters_24.html#SEC513"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.7.6 Checking for Pending Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC514"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.7.7 Remembering a Signal to Act On Later" url="chapters_24.html#SEC515"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="24.8 Waiting for a Signal" url="chapters_24.html#SEC516"> - <tocsect3 name="24.8.1 Using pause" url="chapters_24.html#SEC517"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.8.2 Problems with pause" url="chapters_24.html#SEC518"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.8.3 Using sigsuspend" url="chapters_24.html#SEC519"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="24.9 Using a Separate Signal Stack" url="chapters_24.html#SEC520"/> - <tocsect2 name="24.10 BSD Signal Handling" url="chapters_24.html#SEC521"> - <tocsect3 name="24.10.1 BSD Function to Establish a Handler" url="chapters_24.html#SEC522"/> - <tocsect3 name="24.10.2 BSD Functions for Blocking Signals" url="chapters_24.html#SEC523"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="25. The Basic Program/System Interface" url="chapters_25.html#SEC524"> - <tocsect2 name="25.1 Program Arguments" url="chapters_25.html#SEC525"> - <tocsect3 name="25.1.1 Program Argument Syntax Conventions" url="chapters_25.html#SEC526"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.1.2 Parsing Program Arguments" url="chapters_25.html#SEC527"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="25.2 Parsing program options using getopt" url="chapters_25.html#SEC528"> - <tocsect3 name="25.2.1 Using the getopt function" url="chapters_25.html#SEC529"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.2.2 Example of Parsing Arguments with getopt" url="chapters_25.html#SEC530"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.2.3 Parsing Long Options with getopt_long" url="chapters_25.html#SEC531"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.2.4 Example of Parsing Long Options with getopt_long" url="chapters_25.html#SEC532"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="25.3 Parsing Program Options with Argp" url="chapters_25.html#SEC533"> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.1 The argp_parse Function" url="chapters_25.html#SEC534"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.2 Argp Global Variables" url="chapters_25.html#SEC535"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.3 Specifying Argp Parsers" url="chapters_25.html#SEC536"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.4 Specifying Options in an Argp Parser" url="chapters_25.html#SEC537"> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.4.1 Flags for Argp Options" url="chapters_25.html#SEC538"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.5 Argp Parser Functions" url="chapters_25.html#SEC539"> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.5.1 Special Keys for Argp Parser Functions" url="chapters_25.html#SEC540"/> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.5.2 Functions For Use in Argp Parsers" url="chapters_25.html#SEC541"/> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.5.3 Argp Parsing State" url="chapters_25.html#SEC542"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.6 Combining Multiple Argp Parsers" url="chapters_25.html#SEC543"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.7 Flags for argp_parse" url="chapters_25.html#SEC544"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.8 Customizing Argp Help Output" url="chapters_25.html#SEC545"> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.8.1 Special Keys for Argp Help Filter Functions" url="chapters_25.html#SEC546"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.9 The argp_help Function" url="chapters_25.html#SEC547"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.10 Flags for the argp_help Function" url="chapters_25.html#SEC548"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.11 Argp Examples" url="chapters_25.html#SEC549"> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.11.1 A Minimal Program Using Argp" url="chapters_25.html#SEC550"/> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.11.2 A Program Using Argp with Only Default Options" url="chapters_25.html#SEC551"/> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.11.3 A Program Using Argp with User Options" url="chapters_25.html#SEC552"/> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.11.4 A Program Using Multiple Combined Argp Parsers" url="chapters_25.html#SEC553"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.12 Argp User Customization" url="chapters_25.html#SEC554"> - <tocsect4 name="25.3.12.1 Parsing of Suboptions" url="chapters_25.html#SEC555"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="25.3.13 Parsing of Suboptions Example" url="chapters_25.html#SEC556"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="25.4 Environment Variables" url="chapters_25.html#SEC557"> - <tocsect3 name="25.4.1 Environment Access" url="chapters_25.html#SEC558"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.4.2 Standard Environment Variables" url="chapters_25.html#SEC559"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="25.5 System Calls" url="chapters_25.html#SEC560"/> - <tocsect2 name="25.6 Program Termination" url="chapters_25.html#SEC561"> - <tocsect3 name="25.6.1 Normal Termination" url="chapters_25.html#SEC562"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.6.2 Exit Status" url="chapters_25.html#SEC563"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.6.3 Cleanups on Exit" url="chapters_25.html#SEC564"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.6.4 Aborting a Program" url="chapters_25.html#SEC565"/> - <tocsect3 name="25.6.5 Termination Internals" url="chapters_25.html#SEC566"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="26. Processes" url="chapters_26.html#SEC567"> - <tocsect2 name="26.1 Running a Command" url="chapters_26.html#SEC568"/> - <tocsect2 name="26.2 Process Creation Concepts" url="chapters_26.html#SEC569"/> - <tocsect2 name="26.3 Process Identification" url="chapters_26.html#SEC570"/> - <tocsect2 name="26.4 Creating a Process" url="chapters_26.html#SEC571"/> - <tocsect2 name="26.5 Executing a File" url="chapters_26.html#SEC572"/> - <tocsect2 name="26.6 Process Completion" url="chapters_26.html#SEC573"/> - <tocsect2 name="26.7 Process Completion Status" url="chapters_26.html#SEC574"/> - <tocsect2 name="26.8 BSD Process Wait Functions" url="chapters_26.html#SEC575"/> - <tocsect2 name="26.9 Process Creation Example" url="chapters_26.html#SEC576"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="27. Job Control" url="chapters_27.html#SEC577"> - <tocsect2 name="27.1 Concepts of Job Control" url="chapters_27.html#SEC578"/> - <tocsect2 name="27.2 Job Control is Optional" url="chapters_27.html#SEC579"/> - <tocsect2 name="27.3 Controlling Terminal of a Process" url="chapters_27.html#SEC580"/> - <tocsect2 name="27.4 Access to the Controlling Terminal" url="chapters_27.html#SEC581"/> - <tocsect2 name="27.5 Orphaned Process Groups" url="chapters_27.html#SEC582"/> - <tocsect2 name="27.6 Implementing a Job Control Shell" url="chapters_27.html#SEC583"> - <tocsect3 name="27.6.1 Data Structures for the Shell" url="chapters_27.html#SEC584"/> - <tocsect3 name="27.6.2 Initializing the Shell" url="chapters_27.html#SEC585"/> - <tocsect3 name="27.6.3 Launching Jobs" url="chapters_27.html#SEC586"/> - <tocsect3 name="27.6.4 Foreground and Background" url="chapters_27.html#SEC587"/> - <tocsect3 name="27.6.5 Stopped and Terminated Jobs" url="chapters_27.html#SEC588"/> - <tocsect3 name="27.6.6 Continuing Stopped Jobs" url="chapters_27.html#SEC589"/> - <tocsect3 name="27.6.7 The Missing Pieces" url="chapters_27.html#SEC590"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="27.7 Functions for Job Control" url="chapters_27.html#SEC591"> - <tocsect3 name="27.7.1 Identifying the Controlling Terminal" url="chapters_27.html#SEC592"/> - <tocsect3 name="27.7.2 Process Group Functions" url="chapters_27.html#SEC593"/> - <tocsect3 name="27.7.3 Functions for Controlling Terminal Access" url="chapters_27.html#SEC594"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="28. System Databases and Name Service Switch" url="chapters_28.html#SEC595"> - <tocsect2 name="28.1 NSS Basics" url="chapters_28.html#SEC596"/> - <tocsect2 name="28.2 The NSS Configuration File" url="chapters_28.html#SEC597"> - <tocsect3 name="28.2.1 Services in the NSS configuration File" url="chapters_28.html#SEC598"/> - <tocsect3 name="28.2.2 Actions in the NSS configuration" url="chapters_28.html#SEC599"/> - <tocsect3 name="28.2.3 Notes on the NSS Configuration File" url="chapters_28.html#SEC600"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="28.3 NSS Module Internals" url="chapters_28.html#SEC601"> - <tocsect3 name="28.3.1 The Naming Scheme of the NSS Modules" url="chapters_28.html#SEC602"/> - <tocsect3 name="28.3.2 The Interface of the Function in NSS Modules" url="chapters_28.html#SEC603"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="28.4 Extending NSS" url="chapters_28.html#SEC604"> - <tocsect3 name="28.4.1 Adding another Service to NSS" url="chapters_28.html#SEC605"/> - <tocsect3 name="28.4.2 Internals of the NSS Module Functions" url="chapters_28.html#SEC606"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="29. Users and Groups" url="chapters_29.html#SEC607"> - <tocsect2 name="29.1 User and Group IDs" url="chapters_29.html#SEC608"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.2 The Persona of a Process" url="chapters_29.html#SEC609"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.3 Why Change the Persona of a Process?" url="chapters_29.html#SEC610"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.4 How an Application Can Change Persona" url="chapters_29.html#SEC611"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.5 Reading the Persona of a Process" url="chapters_29.html#SEC612"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.6 Setting the User ID" url="chapters_29.html#SEC613"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.7 Setting the Group IDs" url="chapters_29.html#SEC614"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.8 Enabling and Disabling Setuid Access" url="chapters_29.html#SEC615"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.9 Setuid Program Example" url="chapters_29.html#SEC616"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.10 Tips for Writing Setuid Programs" url="chapters_29.html#SEC617"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.11 Identifying Who Logged In" url="chapters_29.html#SEC618"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.12 The User Accounting Database" url="chapters_29.html#SEC619"> - <tocsect3 name="29.12.1 Manipulating the User Accounting Database" url="chapters_29.html#SEC620"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.12.2 XPG User Accounting Database Functions" url="chapters_29.html#SEC621"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.12.3 Logging In and Out" url="chapters_29.html#SEC622"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="29.13 User Database" url="chapters_29.html#SEC623"> - <tocsect3 name="29.13.1 The Data Structure that Describes a User" url="chapters_29.html#SEC624"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.13.2 Looking Up One User" url="chapters_29.html#SEC625"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.13.3 Scanning the List of All Users" url="chapters_29.html#SEC626"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.13.4 Writing a User Entry" url="chapters_29.html#SEC627"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="29.14 Group Database" url="chapters_29.html#SEC628"> - <tocsect3 name="29.14.1 The Data Structure for a Group" url="chapters_29.html#SEC629"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.14.2 Looking Up One Group" url="chapters_29.html#SEC630"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.14.3 Scanning the List of All Groups" url="chapters_29.html#SEC631"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="29.15 User and Group Database Example" url="chapters_29.html#SEC632"/> - <tocsect2 name="29.16 Netgroup Database" url="chapters_29.html#SEC633"> - <tocsect3 name="29.16.1 Netgroup Data" url="chapters_29.html#SEC634"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.16.2 Looking up one Netgroup" url="chapters_29.html#SEC635"/> - <tocsect3 name="29.16.3 Testing for Netgroup Membership" url="chapters_29.html#SEC636"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="30. System Management" url="chapters_30.html#SEC637"> - <tocsect2 name="30.1 Host Identification" url="chapters_30.html#SEC638"/> - <tocsect2 name="30.2 Platform Type Identification" url="chapters_30.html#SEC639"/> - <tocsect2 name="30.3 Controlling and Querying Mounts" url="chapters_30.html#SEC640"> - <tocsect3 name="30.3.1 Mount Information" url="chapters_30.html#SEC641"> - <tocsect4 name="30.3.1.1 The `fstab' file" url="chapters_30.html#SEC642"/> - <tocsect4 name="30.3.1.2 The `mtab' file" url="chapters_30.html#SEC643"/> - <tocsect4 name="30.3.1.3 Other (Non-libc) Sources of Mount Information" url="chapters_30.html#SEC644"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="30.3.2 Mount, Unmount, Remount" url="chapters_30.html#SEC645"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="30.4 System Parameters" url="chapters_30.html#SEC646"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="31. System Configuration Parameters" url="chapters_31.html#SEC647"> - <tocsect2 name="31.1 General Capacity Limits" url="chapters_31.html#SEC648"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.2 Overall System Options" url="chapters_31.html#SEC649"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.3 Which Version of POSIX is Supported" url="chapters_31.html#SEC650"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.4 Using sysconf" url="chapters_31.html#SEC651"> - <tocsect3 name="31.4.1 Definition of sysconf" url="chapters_31.html#SEC652"/> - <tocsect3 name="31.4.2 Constants for sysconf Parameters" url="chapters_31.html#SEC653"/> - <tocsect3 name="31.4.3 Examples of sysconf" url="chapters_31.html#SEC654"/> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="31.5 Minimum Values for General Capacity Limits" url="chapters_31.html#SEC655"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.6 Limits on File System Capacity" url="chapters_31.html#SEC656"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.7 Optional Features in File Support" url="chapters_31.html#SEC657"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.8 Minimum Values for File System Limits" url="chapters_31.html#SEC658"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.9 Using pathconf" url="chapters_31.html#SEC659"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.10 Utility Program Capacity Limits" url="chapters_31.html#SEC660"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.11 Minimum Values for Utility Limits" url="chapters_31.html#SEC661"/> - <tocsect2 name="31.12 String-Valued Parameters" url="chapters_31.html#SEC662"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="32. DES Encryption and Password Handling" url="chapters_32.html#SEC663"> - <tocsect2 name="32.1 Legal Problems" url="chapters_32.html#SEC664"/> - <tocsect2 name="32.2 Reading Passwords" url="chapters_32.html#SEC665"/> - <tocsect2 name="32.3 Encrypting Passwords" url="chapters_32.html#SEC666"/> - <tocsect2 name="32.4 DES Encryption" url="chapters_32.html#SEC667"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="33. Debugging support" url="chapters_33.html#SEC668"> - <tocsect2 name="33.1 Backtraces" url="chapters_33.html#SEC669"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="34. POSIX Threads" url="chapters_34.html#SEC670"> - <tocsect2 name="34.1 Basic Thread Operations" url="chapters_34.html#SEC671"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.2 Thread Attributes" url="chapters_34.html#SEC672"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.3 Cancellation" url="chapters_34.html#SEC673"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.4 Cleanup Handlers" url="chapters_34.html#SEC674"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.5 Mutexes" url="chapters_34.html#SEC675"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.6 Condition Variables" url="chapters_34.html#SEC676"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.7 POSIX Semaphores" url="chapters_34.html#SEC677"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.8 Thread-Specific Data" url="chapters_34.html#SEC678"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.9 Threads and Signal Handling" url="chapters_34.html#SEC679"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.10 Threads and Fork" url="chapters_34.html#SEC680"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.11 Streams and Fork" url="chapters_34.html#SEC681"/> - <tocsect2 name="34.12 Miscellaneous Thread Functions" url="chapters_34.html#SEC682"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="A. C Language Facilities in the Library" url="chapters_35.html#SEC683"> - <tocsect2 name="A.1 Explicitly Checking Internal Consistency" url="chapters_35.html#SEC684"/> - <tocsect2 name="A.2 Variadic Functions" url="chapters_35.html#SEC685"> - <tocsect3 name="A.2.1 Why Variadic Functions are Used" url="chapters_35.html#SEC686"/> - <tocsect3 name="A.2.2 How Variadic Functions are Defined and Used" url="chapters_35.html#SEC687"> - <tocsect4 name="A.2.2.1 Syntax for Variable Arguments" url="chapters_35.html#SEC688"/> - <tocsect4 name="A.2.2.2 Receiving the Argument Values" url="chapters_35.html#SEC689"/> - <tocsect4 name="A.2.2.3 How Many Arguments Were Supplied" url="chapters_35.html#SEC690"/> - <tocsect4 name="A.2.2.4 Calling Variadic Functions" url="chapters_35.html#SEC691"/> - <tocsect4 name="A.2.2.5 Argument Access Macros" url="chapters_35.html#SEC692"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="A.2.3 Example of a Variadic Function" url="chapters_35.html#SEC693"> - <tocsect4 name="A.2.3.1 Old-Style Variadic Functions" url="chapters_35.html#SEC694"/> - </tocsect3> - </tocsect2> - <tocsect2 name="A.3 Null Pointer Constant" url="chapters_35.html#SEC695"/> - <tocsect2 name="A.4 Important Data Types" url="chapters_35.html#SEC696"/> - <tocsect2 name="A.5 Data Type Measurements" url="chapters_35.html#SEC697"> - <tocsect3 name="A.5.1 Computing the Width of an Integer Data Type" url="chapters_35.html#SEC698"/> - <tocsect3 name="A.5.2 Range of an Integer Type" url="chapters_35.html#SEC699"/> - <tocsect3 name="A.5.3 Floating Type Macros" url="chapters_35.html#SEC700"> - <tocsect4 name="A.5.3.1 Floating Point Representation Concepts" url="chapters_35.html#SEC701"/> - <tocsect4 name="A.5.3.2 Floating Point Parameters" url="chapters_35.html#SEC702"/> - <tocsect4 name="A.5.3.3 IEEE Floating Point" url="chapters_35.html#SEC703"/> - </tocsect3> - <tocsect3 name="A.5.4 Structure Field Offset Measurement" url="chapters_35.html#SEC704"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="B. Summary of Library Facilities" url="chapters_36.html#SEC705"/> -<tocsect1 name="C. Installing the GNU C Library" url="chapters_37.html#SEC706"> - <tocsect2 name="C.1 Configuring and compiling GNU Libc" url="chapters_37.html#SEC707"/> - <tocsect2 name="C.2 Installing the C Library" url="chapters_37.html#SEC708"/> - <tocsect2 name="C.3 Recommended Tools for Compilation" url="chapters_37.html#SEC709"/> - <tocsect2 name="C.4 Supported Configurations" url="chapters_37.html#SEC710"/> - <tocsect2 name="C.5 Specific advice for Linux systems" url="chapters_37.html#SEC711"/> - <tocsect2 name="C.6 Reporting Bugs" url="chapters_37.html#SEC712"/> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="D. Library Maintenance" url="chapters_38.html#SEC713"> - <tocsect2 name="D.1 Adding New Functions" url="chapters_38.html#SEC714"/> - <tocsect2 name="D.2 Porting the GNU C Library" url="chapters_38.html#SEC715"> - <tocsect3 name="D.2.1 Layout of the `sysdeps' Directory Hierarchy" url="chapters_38.html#SEC716"/> - <tocsect3 name="D.2.2 Porting the GNU C Library to Unix Systems" url="chapters_38.html#SEC717"/> - </tocsect2> -</tocsect1> -<tocsect1 name="E. Contributors to the GNU C Library" url="chapters_39.html#SEC718"/> +<title>LibC</title> +<base href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node"/> + +<tocsect1 name="01 Introduction" url="Introduction.html#Introduction"> + <tocsect2 name="1.1 Getting Started" url="Getting-Started.html#Getting-Started"/> + <tocsect2 name="1.2 Standards and Portability" url="Standards-and-Portability.html#Standards-and-Portability"/> + <tocsect2 name="1.3 Using the Library" url="Using-the-Library.html#Using-the-Library"/> + <tocsect2 name="1.4 Roadmap to the Manual" url="Roadmap-to-the-Manual.html#Roadmap-to-the-Manual"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="02 Error Reporting" url="Error-Reporting.html#Error-Reporting"> + <tocsect2 name="2.1 Checking for Errors" url="Checking-for-Errors.html#Checking-for-Errors"/> + <tocsect2 name="2.2 Error Codes" url="Error-Codes.html#Error-Codes"/> + <tocsect2 name="2.3 Error Messages" url="Error-Messages.html#Error-Messages"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="03 Virtual Memory Allocation And Paging" url="Memory.html#Memory"> + <tocsect2 name="3.1 Process Memory Concepts" url="Memory-Concepts.html#Memory-Concepts"/> + <tocsect2 name="3.2 Allocating Storage For Program Data" url="Memory-Allocation.html#Memory-Allocation"/> + <tocsect2 name="3.3 Resizing the Data Segment" url="Resizing-the-Data-Segment.html#Resizing-the-Data-Segment"/> + <tocsect2 name="3.4 Locking Pages" url="Locking-Pages.html#Locking-Pages"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="04 Character Handling" url="Character-Handling.html#Character-Handling"> + <tocsect2 name="4.1 Classification of Characters" url="Classification-of-Characters.html#Classification-of-Characters"/> + <tocsect2 name="4.2 Case Conversion" url="Case-Conversion.html#Case-Conversion"/> + <tocsect2 name="4.3 Character class determination for wide characters" url="Classification-of-Wide-Characters.html#Classification-of-Wide-Characters"/> + <tocsect2 name="4.4 Notes on using the wide character classes" url="Using-Wide-Char-Classes.html#Using-Wide-Char-Classes"/> + <tocsect2 name="4.5 Mapping of wide characters." url="Wide-Character-Case-Conversion.html#Wide-Character-Case-Conversion"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="05 String and Array Utilities" url="String-and-Array-Utilities.html#String-and-Array-Utilities"> + <tocsect2 name="5.1 Representation of Strings" url="Representation-of-Strings.html#Representation-of-Strings"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.2 String and Array Conventions" url="String_002fArray-Conventions.html#String_002fArray-Conventions"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.3 String Length" url="String-Length.html#String-Length"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.4 Copying and Concatenation" url="Copying-and-Concatenation.html#Copying-and-Concatenation"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.5 String/Array Comparison" url="String_002fArray-Comparison.html#String_002fArray-Comparison"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.6 Collation Functions" url="Collation-Functions.html#Collation-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.7 Search Functions" url="Search-Functions.html#Search-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.8 Finding Tokens in a String" url="Finding-Tokens-in-a-String.html#Finding-Tokens-in-a-String"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.9 strfry" url="strfry.html#strfry"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.10 Trivial Encryption" url="Trivial-Encryption.html#Trivial-Encryption"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.11 Encode Binary Data" url="Encode-Binary-Data.html#Encode-Binary-Data"/> + <tocsect2 name="5.12 Argz and Envz Vectors" url="Argz-and-Envz-Vectors.html#Argz-and-Envz-Vectors"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="06 Character Set Handling" url="Character-Set-Handling.html#Character-Set-Handling"> + <tocsect2 name="6.1 Introduction to Extended Characters" url="Extended-Char-Intro.html#Extended-Char-Intro"/> + <tocsect2 name="6.2 Overview about Character Handling Functions" url="Charset-Function-Overview.html#Charset-Function-Overview"/> + <tocsect2 name="6.3 Restartable Multibyte Conversion Functions" url="Restartable-multibyte-conversion.html#Restartable-multibyte-conversion"/> + <tocsect2 name="6.4 Non-reentrant Conversion Function" url="Non_002dreentrant-Conversion.html#Non_002dreentrant-Conversion"/> + <tocsect2 name="6.5 Generic Charset Conversion" url="Generic-Charset-Conversion.html#Generic-Charset-Conversion"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="07 Locales and Internationalization" url="Locales.html#Locales"> + <tocsect2 name="7.1 What Effects a Locale Has" url="Effects-of-Locale.html#Effects-of-Locale"/> + <tocsect2 name="7.2 Choosing a Locale" url="Choosing-Locale.html#Choosing-Locale"/> + <tocsect2 name="7.3 Locale Categories" url="Locale-Categories.html#Locale-Categories"/> + <tocsect2 name="7.4 How Programs Set the Locale" url="Setting-the-Locale.html#Setting-the-Locale"/> + <tocsect2 name="7.5 Standard Locales" url="Standard-Locales.html#Standard-Locales"/> + <tocsect2 name="7.6 Locale Names" url="Locale-Names.html#Locale-Names"/> + <tocsect2 name="7.7 Accessing Locale Information" url="Locale-Information.html#Locale-Information"/> + <tocsect2 name="7.8 A dedicated function to format numbers" url="Formatting-Numbers.html#Formatting-Numbers"/> + <tocsect2 name="7.9 Yes-or-No Questions" url="Yes_002dor_002dNo-Questions.html#Yes_002dor_002dNo-Questions"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="08 Message Translation" url="Message-Translation.html#Message-Translation"> + <tocsect2 name="8.1 X/Open Message Catalog Handling" url="Message-catalogs-a-la-X_002fOpen.html#Message-catalogs-a-la-X_002fOpen"/> + <tocsect2 name="8.2 The Uniforum approach to Message Translation" url="The-Uniforum-approach.html#The-Uniforum-approach"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="09 Searching and Sorting" url="Searching-and-Sorting.html#Searching-and-Sorting"> + <tocsect2 name="9.1 Defining the Comparison Function" url="Comparison-Functions.html#Comparison-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="9.2 Array Search Function" url="Array-Search-Function.html#Array-Search-Function"/> + <tocsect2 name="9.3 Array Sort Function" url="Array-Sort-Function.html#Array-Sort-Function"/> + <tocsect2 name="9.4 Searching and Sorting Example" url="Search_002fSort-Example.html#Search_002fSort-Example"/> + <tocsect2 name="9.5 The hsearch function" url="Hash-Search-Function.html#Hash-Search-Function"/> + <tocsect2 name="9.6 The tsearch function" url="Tree-Search-Function.html#Tree-Search-Function"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="10 Pattern Matching" url="Pattern-Matching.html#Pattern-Matching"> + <tocsect2 name="10.1 Wildcard Matching" url="Wildcard-Matching.html#Wildcard-Matching"/> + <tocsect2 name="10.2 Globbing" url="Globbing.html#Globbing"/> + <tocsect2 name="10.3 Regular Expression Matching" url="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions"/> + <tocsect2 name="10.4 Shell-Style Word Expansion" url="Word-Expansion.html#Word-Expansion"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="11 Input/Output Overview" url="I_002fO-Overview.html#I_002fO-Overview"> + <tocsect2 name="11.1 Input/Output Concepts" url="I_002fO-Concepts.html#I_002fO-Concepts"/> + <tocsect2 name="11.2 File Names" url="File-Names.html#File-Names"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="12 Input/Output on Streams" url="I_002fO-on-Streams.html#I_002fO-on-Streams"> + <tocsect2 name="12.1 Streams" url="Streams.html#Streams"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.2 Standard Streams" url="Standard-Streams.html#Standard-Streams"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.3 Opening Streams" url="Opening-Streams.html#Opening-Streams"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.4 Closing Streams" url="Closing-Streams.html#Closing-Streams"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.5 Streams and Threads" url="Streams-and-Threads.html#Streams-and-Threads"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.6 Streams in Internationalized Applications" url="Streams-and-I18N.html#Streams-and-I18N"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.7 Simple Output by Characters or Lines" url="Simple-Output.html#Simple-Output"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.8 Character Input" url="Character-Input.html#Character-Input"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.9 Line-Oriented Input" url="Line-Input.html#Line-Input"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.10 Unreading" url="Unreading.html#Unreading"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.11 Block Input/Output" url="Block-Input_002fOutput.html#Block-Input_002fOutput"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.12 Formatted Output" url="Formatted-Output.html#Formatted-Output"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.13 Customizing " url="Customizing-Printf.html#Customizing-Printf"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.14 Formatted Input" url="Formatted-Input.html#Formatted-Input"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.15 End-Of-File and Errors" url="EOF-and-Errors.html#EOF-and-Errors"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.16 Recovering from errors" url="Error-Recovery.html#Error-Recovery"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.17 Text and Binary Streams" url="Binary-Streams.html#Binary-Streams"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.18 File Positioning" url="File-Positioning.html#File-Positioning"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.19 Portable File-Position Functions" url="Portable-Positioning.html#Portable-Positioning"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.20 Stream Buffering" url="Stream-Buffering.html#Stream-Buffering"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.21 Other Kinds of Streams" url="Other-Kinds-of-Streams.html#Other-Kinds-of-Streams"/> + <tocsect2 name="12.22 Formatted Messages" url="Formatted-Messages.html#Formatted-Messages"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="13 Low-Level Input/Output" url="Low_002dLevel-I_002fO.html#Low_002dLevel-I_002fO"> + <tocsect2 name="13.1 Opening and Closing Files" url="Opening-and-Closing-Files.html#Opening-and-Closing-Files"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.2 Input and Output Primitives" url="I_002fO-Primitives.html#I_002fO-Primitives"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.3 Setting the File Position of a Descriptor" url="File-Position-Primitive.html#File-Position-Primitive"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.4 Descriptors and Streams" url="Descriptors-and-Streams.html#Descriptors-and-Streams"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.5 Dangers of Mixing Streams and Descriptors" url="Stream_002fDescriptor-Precautions.html#Stream_002fDescriptor-Precautions"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.6 Fast Scatter-Gather I/O" url="Scatter_002dGather.html#Scatter_002dGather"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.7 Memory-mapped I/O" url="Memory_002dmapped-I_002fO.html#Memory_002dmapped-I_002fO"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.8 Waiting for Input or Output" url="Waiting-for-I_002fO.html#Waiting-for-I_002fO"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.9 Synchronizing I/O operations" url="Synchronizing-I_002fO.html#Synchronizing-I_002fO"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.10 Perform I/O Operations in Parallel" url="Asynchronous-I_002fO.html#Asynchronous-I_002fO"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.11 Control Operations on Files" url="Control-Operations.html#Control-Operations"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.12 Duplicating Descriptors" url="Duplicating-Descriptors.html#Duplicating-Descriptors"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.13 File Descriptor Flags" url="Descriptor-Flags.html#Descriptor-Flags"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.14 File Status Flags" url="File-Status-Flags.html#File-Status-Flags"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.15 File Locks" url="File-Locks.html#File-Locks"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.16 Open File Description Locks" url="Open-File-Description-Locks.html#Open-File-Description-Locks"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.17 Open File Description Locks Example" url="Open-File-Description-Locks-Example.html#Open-File-Description-Locks-Example"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.18 Interrupt-Driven Input" url="Interrupt-Input.html#Interrupt-Input"/> + <tocsect2 name="13.19 Generic I/O Control operations" url="IOCTLs.html#IOCTLs"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="14 File System Interface" url="File-System-Interface.html#File-System-Interface"> + <tocsect2 name="14.1 Working Directory" url="Working-Directory.html#Working-Directory"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.2 Accessing Directories" url="Accessing-Directories.html#Accessing-Directories"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.3 Working with Directory Trees" url="Working-with-Directory-Trees.html#Working-with-Directory-Trees"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.4 Hard Links" url="Hard-Links.html#Hard-Links"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.5 Symbolic Links" url="Symbolic-Links.html#Symbolic-Links"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.6 Deleting Files" url="Deleting-Files.html#Deleting-Files"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.7 Renaming Files" url="Renaming-Files.html#Renaming-Files"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.8 Creating Directories" url="Creating-Directories.html#Creating-Directories"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.9 File Attributes" url="File-Attributes.html#File-Attributes"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.10 Making Special Files" url="Making-Special-Files.html#Making-Special-Files"/> + <tocsect2 name="14.11 Temporary Files" url="Temporary-Files.html#Temporary-Files"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="15 Pipes and FIFOs" url="Pipes-and-FIFOs.html#Pipes-and-FIFOs"> + <tocsect2 name="15.1 Creating a Pipe" url="Creating-a-Pipe.html#Creating-a-Pipe"/> + <tocsect2 name="15.2 Pipe to a Subprocess" url="Pipe-to-a-Subprocess.html#Pipe-to-a-Subprocess"/> + <tocsect2 name="15.3 FIFO Special Files" url="FIFO-Special-Files.html#FIFO-Special-Files"/> + <tocsect2 name="15.4 Atomicity of Pipe I/O" url="Pipe-Atomicity.html#Pipe-Atomicity"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="16 Sockets" url="Sockets.html#Sockets"> + <tocsect2 name="16.1 Socket Concepts" url="Socket-Concepts.html#Socket-Concepts"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.2 Communication Styles" url="Communication-Styles.html#Communication-Styles"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.3 Socket Addresses" url="Socket-Addresses.html#Socket-Addresses"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.4 Interface Naming" url="Interface-Naming.html#Interface-Naming"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.5 The Local Namespace" url="Local-Namespace.html#Local-Namespace"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.6 The Internet Namespace" url="Internet-Namespace.html#Internet-Namespace"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.7 Other Namespaces" url="Misc-Namespaces.html#Misc-Namespaces"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.8 Opening and Closing Sockets" url="Open_002fClose-Sockets.html#Open_002fClose-Sockets"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.9 Using Sockets with Connections" url="Connections.html#Connections"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.10 Datagram Socket Operations" url="Datagrams.html#Datagrams"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.11 The inetd Daemon" url="Inetd.html#Inetd"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.12 Socket Options" url="Socket-Options.html#Socket-Options"/> + <tocsect2 name="16.13 Networks Database" url="Networks-Database.html#Networks-Database"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="17 Low-Level Terminal Interface" + url="Low_002dLevel-Terminal-Interface.html#Low_002dLevel-Terminal-Interface"> + <tocsect2 name="17.1 Identifying Terminals" url="Is-It-a-Terminal.html#Is-It-a-Terminal"/> + <tocsect2 name="17.2 I/O Queues" url="I_002fO-Queues.html#I_002fO-Queues"/> + <tocsect2 name="17.3 Two Styles of Input: Canonical or Not" url="Canonical-or-Not.html#Canonical-or-Not"/> + <tocsect2 name="17.4 Terminal Modes" url="Terminal-Modes.html#Terminal-Modes"/> + <tocsect2 name="17.5 BSD Terminal Modes" url="BSD-Terminal-Modes.html#BSD-Terminal-Modes"/> + <tocsect2 name="17.6 Line Control Functions" url="Line-Control.html#Line-Control"/> + <tocsect2 name="17.7 Noncanonical Mode Example" url="Noncanon-Example.html#Noncanon-Example"/> + <tocsect2 name="17.8 Pseudo-Terminals" url="Pseudo_002dTerminals.html#Pseudo_002dTerminals"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="18 Syslog" url="Syslog.html#Syslog"> + <tocsect2 name="18.1 Overview of Syslog" url="Overview-of-Syslog.html#Overview-of-Syslog"/> + <tocsect2 name="18.2 Submitting Syslog Messages" url="Submitting-Syslog-Messages.html#Submitting-Syslog-Messages"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="19 Mathematics" url="Mathematics.html#Mathematics"> + <tocsect2 name="19.1 Predefined Mathematical Constants" url="Mathematical-Constants.html#Mathematical-Constants"/> + <tocsect2 name="19.2 Trigonometric Functions" url="Trig-Functions.html#Trig-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="19.3 Inverse Trigonometric Functions" url="Inverse-Trig-Functions.html#Inverse-Trig-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="19.4 Exponentiation and Logarithms" url="Exponents-and-Logarithms.html#Exponents-and-Logarithms"/> + <tocsect2 name="19.5 Hyperbolic Functions" url="Hyperbolic-Functions.html#Hyperbolic-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="19.6 Special Functions" url="Special-Functions.html#Special-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="19.7 Known Maximum Errors in Math Functions" url="Errors-in-Math-Functions.html#Errors-in-Math-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="19.8 Pseudo-Random Numbers" url="Pseudo_002dRandom-Numbers.html#Pseudo_002dRandom-Numbers"/> + <tocsect2 name="19.9 Is Fast Code or Small Code preferred?" url="FP-Function-Optimizations.html#FP-Function-Optimizations"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="20 Arithmetic Functions" url="Arithmetic.html#Arithmetic"> + <tocsect2 name="20.1 Integers" url="Integers.html#Integers"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.2 Integer Division" url="Integer-Division.html#Integer-Division"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.3 Floating Point Numbers" url="Floating-Point-Numbers.html#Floating-Point-Numbers"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.4 Floating-Point Number Classification Functions" url="Floating-Point-Classes.html#Floating-Point-Classes"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.5 Errors in Floating-Point Calculations" url="Floating-Point-Errors.html#Floating-Point-Errors"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.6 Rounding Modes" url="Rounding.html#Rounding"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.7 Floating-Point Control Functions" url="Control-Functions.html#Control-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.8 Arithmetic Functions" url="Arithmetic-Functions.html#Arithmetic-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.9 Complex Numbers" url="Complex-Numbers.html#Complex-Numbers"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.10 Projections, Conjugates, and Decomposing of Complex Numbers" url="Operations-on-Complex.html#Operations-on-Complex"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.11 Parsing of Numbers" url="Parsing-of-Numbers.html#Parsing-of-Numbers"/> + <tocsect2 name="20.12 Old-fashioned System V number-to-string functions" url="System-V-Number-Conversion.html#System-V-Number-Conversion"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="21 Date and Time" url="Date-and-Time.html#Date-and-Time"> + <tocsect2 name="21.1 Time Basics" url="Time-Basics.html#Time-Basics"/> + <tocsect2 name="21.2 Elapsed Time" url="Elapsed-Time.html#Elapsed-Time"/> + <tocsect2 name="21.3 Processor And CPU Time" url="Processor-And-CPU-Time.html#Processor-And-CPU-Time"/> + <tocsect2 name="21.4 Calendar Time" url="Calendar-Time.html#Calendar-Time"/> + <tocsect2 name="21.5 Setting an Alarm" url="Setting-an-Alarm.html#Setting-an-Alarm"/> + <tocsect2 name="21.6 Sleeping" url="Sleeping.html#Sleeping"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="22 Resource Usage And Limitation" url="Resource-Usage-And-Limitation.html#Resource-Usage-And-Limitation"> + <tocsect2 name="22.1 Resource Usage" url="Resource-Usage.html#Resource-Usage"/> + <tocsect2 name="22.2 Limiting Resource Usage" url="Limits-on-Resources.html#Limits-on-Resources"/> + <tocsect2 name="22.3 Process CPU Priority And Scheduling" url="Priority.html#Priority"/> + <tocsect2 name="22.4 Querying memory available resources" url="Memory-Resources.html#Memory-Resources"/> + <tocsect2 name="22.5 Learn about the processors available" url="Processor-Resources.html#Processor-Resources"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="23 Non-Local Exits" url="Non_002dLocal-Exits.html#Non_002dLocal-Exits"> + <tocsect2 name="23.1 Introduction to Non-Local Exits" url="Non_002dLocal-Intro.html#Non_002dLocal-Intro"/> + <tocsect2 name="23.2 Details of Non-Local Exits" url="Non_002dLocal-Details.html#Non_002dLocal-Details"/> + <tocsect2 name="23.3 Non-Local Exits and Signals" url="Non_002dLocal-Exits-and-Signals.html#Non_002dLocal-Exits-and-Signals"/> + <tocsect2 name="23.4 Complete Context Control" url="System-V-contexts.html#System-V-contexts"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="24 Signal Handling" url="Signal-Handling.html#Signal-Handling"> + <tocsect2 name="24.1 Basic Concepts of Signals" url="Concepts-of-Signals.html#Concepts-of-Signals"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.2 Standard Signals" url="Standard-Signals.html#Standard-Signals"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.3 Specifying Signal Actions" url="Signal-Actions.html#Signal-Actions"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.4 Defining Signal Handlers" url="Defining-Handlers.html#Defining-Handlers"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.5 Primitives Interrupted by Signals" url="Interrupted-Primitives.html#Interrupted-Primitives"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.6 Generating Signals" url="Generating-Signals.html#Generating-Signals"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.7 Blocking Signals" url="Blocking-Signals.html#Blocking-Signals"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.8 Waiting for a Signal" url="Waiting-for-a-Signal.html#Waiting-for-a-Signal"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.9 Using a Separate Signal Stack" url="Signal-Stack.html#Signal-Stack"/> + <tocsect2 name="24.10 BSD Signal Handling" url="BSD-Signal-Handling.html#BSD-Signal-Handling"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="25 The Basic Program/System Interface" url="Program-Basics.html#Program-Basics"> + <tocsect2 name="25.1 Program Arguments" url="Program-Arguments.html#Program-Arguments"/> + <tocsect2 name="25.2 Parsing program options using " url="Getopt.html#Getopt"/> + <tocsect2 name="25.3 Parsing Program Options with Argp" url="Argp.html#Argp"/> + <tocsect2 name="25.4 Environment Variables" url="Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables"/> + <tocsect2 name="25.5 Auxiliary Vector" url="Auxiliary-Vector.html#Auxiliary-Vector"/> + <tocsect2 name="25.6 System Calls" url="System-Calls.html#System-Calls"/> + <tocsect2 name="25.7 Program Termination" url="Program-Termination.html#Program-Termination"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="26 Processes" url="Processes.html#Processes"> + <tocsect2 name="26.1 Running a Command" url="Running-a-Command.html#Running-a-Command"/> + <tocsect2 name="26.2 Process Creation Concepts" url="Process-Creation-Concepts.html#Process-Creation-Concepts"/> + <tocsect2 name="26.3 Process Identification" url="Process-Identification.html#Process-Identification"/> + <tocsect2 name="26.4 Creating a Process" url="Creating-a-Process.html#Creating-a-Process"/> + <tocsect2 name="26.5 Executing a File" url="Executing-a-File.html#Executing-a-File"/> + <tocsect2 name="26.6 Process Completion" url="Process-Completion.html#Process-Completion"/> + <tocsect2 name="26.7 Process Completion Status" url="Process-Completion-Status.html#Process-Completion-Status"/> + <tocsect2 name="26.8 BSD Process Wait Functions" url="BSD-Wait-Functions.html#BSD-Wait-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="26.9 Process Creation Example" url="Process-Creation-Example.html#Process-Creation-Example"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="27 Inter-Process Communication" url="Inter_002dProcess-Communication.html#Inter_002dProcess-Communication"> + <tocsect2 name="27.1 Semaphores" url="Semaphores.html#Semaphores"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="28 Job Control" url="Job-Control.html#Job-Control"> + <tocsect2 name="28.1 Concepts of Job Control" url="Concepts-of-Job-Control.html#Concepts-of-Job-Control"/> + <tocsect2 name="28.2 Job Control is Optional" url="Job-Control-is-Optional.html#Job-Control-is-Optional"/> + <tocsect2 name="28.3 Controlling Terminal of a Process" url="Controlling-Terminal.html#Controlling-Terminal"/> + <tocsect2 name="28.4 Access to the Controlling Terminal" url="Access-to-the-Terminal.html#Access-to-the-Terminal"/> + <tocsect2 name="28.5 Orphaned Process Groups" url="Orphaned-Process-Groups.html#Orphaned-Process-Groups"/> + <tocsect2 name="28.6 Implementing a Job Control Shell" url="Implementing-a-Shell.html#Implementing-a-Shell"/> + <tocsect2 name="28.7 Functions for Job Control" url="Functions-for-Job-Control.html#Functions-for-Job-Control"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="29 System Databases and Name Service Switch" url="Name-Service-Switch.html#Name-Service-Switch"> + <tocsect2 name="29.1 NSS Basics" url="NSS-Basics.html#NSS-Basics"/> + <tocsect2 name="29.2 The NSS Configuration File" url="NSS-Configuration-File.html#NSS-Configuration-File"/> + <tocsect2 name="29.3 NSS Module Internals" url="NSS-Module-Internals.html#NSS-Module-Internals"/> + <tocsect2 name="29.4 Extending NSS" url="Extending-NSS.html#Extending-NSS"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="30 Users and Groups" url="Users-and-Groups.html#Users-and-Groups"> + <tocsect2 name="30.1 User and Group IDs" url="User-and-Group-IDs.html#User-and-Group-IDs"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.2 The Persona of a Process" url="Process-Persona.html#Process-Persona"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.3 Why Change the Persona of a Process?" url="Why-Change-Persona.html#Why-Change-Persona"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.4 How an Application Can Change Persona" url="How-Change-Persona.html#How-Change-Persona"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.5 Reading the Persona of a Process" url="Reading-Persona.html#Reading-Persona"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.6 Setting the User ID" url="Setting-User-ID.html#Setting-User-ID"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.7 Setting the Group IDs" url="Setting-Groups.html#Setting-Groups"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.8 Enabling and Disabling Setuid Access" url="Enable_002fDisable-Setuid.html#Enable_002fDisable-Setuid"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.9 Setuid Program Example" url="Setuid-Program-Example.html#Setuid-Program-Example"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.10 Tips for Writing Setuid Programs" url="Tips-for-Setuid.html#Tips-for-Setuid"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.11 Identifying Who Logged In" url="Who-Logged-In.html#Who-Logged-In"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.12 The User Accounting Database" url="User-Accounting-Database.html#User-Accounting-Database"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.13 User Database" url="User-Database.html#User-Database"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.14 Group Database" url="Group-Database.html#Group-Database"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.15 User and Group Database Example" url="Database-Example.html#Database-Example"/> + <tocsect2 name="30.16 Netgroup Database" url="Netgroup-Database.html#Netgroup-Database"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="31 System Management" url="System-Management.html#System-Management"> + <tocsect2 name="31.1 Host Identification" url="Host-Identification.html#Host-Identification"/> + <tocsect2 name="31.2 Platform Type Identification" url="Platform-Type.html#Platform-Type"/> + <tocsect2 name="31.3 Controlling and Querying Mounts" url="Filesystem-Handling.html#Filesystem-Handling"/> + <tocsect2 name="31.4 System Parameters" url="System-Parameters.html#System-Parameters"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="32 System Configuration Parameters" url="System-Configuration.html#System-Configuration"> + <tocsect2 name="32.1 General Capacity Limits" url="General-Limits.html#General-Limits"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.2 Overall System Options" url="System-Options.html#System-Options"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.3 Which Version of POSIX is Supported" url="Version-Supported.html#Version-Supported"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.4 Using sysconf" url="Sysconf.html#Sysconf"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.5 Minimum Values for General Capacity Limits" url="Minimums.html#Minimums"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.6 Limits on File System Capacity" url="Limits-for-Files.html#Limits-for-Files"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.7 Optional Features in File Support" url="Options-for-Files.html#Options-for-Files"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.8 Minimum Values for File System Limits" url="File-Minimums.html#File-Minimums"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.9 Using pathconf" url="Pathconf.html#Pathconf"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.10 Utility Program Capacity Limits" url="Utility-Limits.html#Utility-Limits"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.11 Minimum Values for Utility Limits" url="Utility-Minimums.html#Utility-Minimums"/> + <tocsect2 name="32.12 String-Valued Parameters" url="String-Parameters.html#String-Parameters"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="33 DES Encryption and Password Handling" url="Cryptographic-Functions.html#Cryptographic-Functions"> + <tocsect2 name="33.1 Legal Problems" url="Legal-Problems.html#Legal-Problems"/> + <tocsect2 name="33.2 Reading Passwords" url="getpass.html#getpass"/> + <tocsect2 name="33.3 Encrypting Passwords" url="crypt.html#crypt"/> + <tocsect2 name="33.4 DES Encryption" url="DES-Encryption.html#DES-Encryption"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="34 Debugging support" url="Debugging-Support.html#Debugging-Support"> + <tocsect2 name="34.1 Backtraces" url="Backtraces.html#Backtraces"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="35 POSIX Threads" url="POSIX-Threads.html#POSIX-Threads"> + <tocsect2 name="35.1 Thread-specific Data" url="Thread_002dspecific-Data.html#Thread_002dspecific-Data"/> + <tocsect2 name="35.2 Non-POSIX Extensions" url="Non_002dPOSIX-Extensions.html#Non_002dPOSIX-Extensions"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="36 Internal probes" url="Internal-Probes.html#Internal-Probes"> + <tocsect2 name="36.1 Memory Allocation Probes" url="Memory-Allocation-Probes.html#Memory-Allocation-Probes"/> + <tocsect2 name="36.2 Mathematical Function Probes" url="Mathematical-Function-Probes.html#Mathematical-Function-Probes"/> + <tocsect2 name="36.3 Non-local Goto Probes" url="Non_002dlocal-Goto-Probes.html#Non_002dlocal-Goto-Probes"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix A C Language Facilities in the Library" url="Language-Features.html#Language-Features"> + <tocsect2 name="A.1 Explicitly Checking Internal Consistency" url="Consistency-Checking.html#Consistency-Checking"/> + <tocsect2 name="A.2 Variadic Functions" url="Variadic-Functions.html#Variadic-Functions"/> + <tocsect2 name="A.3 Null Pointer Constant" url="Null-Pointer-Constant.html#Null-Pointer-Constant"/> + <tocsect2 name="A.4 Important Data Types" url="Important-Data-Types.html#Important-Data-Types"/> + <tocsect2 name="A.5 Data Type Measurements" url="Data-Type-Measurements.html#Data-Type-Measurements"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix B Summary of Library Facilities" url="Library-Summary.html#Library-Summary"/> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix C Installing the GNU C Library" url="Installation.html#Installation"> + <tocsect2 name="C.1 Configuring and compiling the GNU C Library" url="Configuring-and-compiling.html#Configuring-and-compiling"/> + <tocsect2 name="C.2 Installing the C Library" url="Running-make-install.html#Running-make-install"/> + <tocsect2 name="C.3 Recommended Tools for Compilation" url="Tools-for-Compilation.html#Tools-for-Compilation"/> + <tocsect2 name="C.4 Specific advice for GNU/Linux systems" url="Linux.html#Linux"/> + <tocsect2 name="C.5 Reporting Bugs" url="Reporting-Bugs.html#Reporting-Bugs"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix D Library Maintenance" url="Maintenance.html#Maintenance"> + <tocsect2 name="D.1 Adding New Functions" url="Source-Layout.html#Source-Layout"/> + <tocsect2 name="D.2 Porting the GNU C Library" url="Porting.html#Porting"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix E Platform-specific facilities" url="Platform.html#Platform"> + <tocsect2 name="E.1 PowerPC-specific Facilities" url="PowerPC.html#PowerPC"/> +</tocsect1> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix F Contributors to the GNU C Library" url="Contributors.html#Contributors"/> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix G Free Software Needs Free Documentation" url="Free-Manuals.html#Free-Manuals"/> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix H GNU Lesser General Public License" url="Copying.html#Copying"/> + +<tocsect1 name="Appendix I GNU Free Documentation License" url="Documentation-License.html#Documentation-License"/> + </tdeveloptoc> diff --git a/languages/cpp/doc/libstdc++.toc b/languages/cpp/doc/libstdc++.toc index 16628929..a992d162 100644 --- a/languages/cpp/doc/libstdc++.toc +++ b/languages/cpp/doc/libstdc++.toc @@ -1,19 +1,85 @@ <!DOCTYPE tdeveloptoc> <tdeveloptoc> -<title>LIBSTDC++ (gcc.gnu.org)</title> +<title>LibStdC++</title> <base href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++"/> -<tocsect1 name="Documentation" url="documentation.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Intro" url="17_intro/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Library Support" url="18_support/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Diagnostics" url="19_diagnostics/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Utilities" url="20_util/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Strings" url="21_strings/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Localization" url="22_locale/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Containers" url="23_containers/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Iterators" url="24_iterators/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Algorithms" url="25_algorithms/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Numerics" url="26_numerics/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="I/O" url="27_io/howto.html"/> -<tocsect1 name="Extensions" url="ext/howto.html"/> +<tocsect1 name="I. Introduction" url="manual/intro.html"> + <tocsect2 name="01. Status" url="manual/status.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="02. Setup" url="manual/setup.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="03. Using" url="manual/using.html"> + </tocsect2> +</tocsect1> +<tocsect1 name="II. Standard Contents" url="manual/std_contents.html"> + <tocsect2 name="04. Support" url="manual/support.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="05. Diagnostics" url="manual/diagnostics.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="06. Utilities" url="manual/utilities.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="07. Strings" url="manual/strings.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="08. Localization" url="manual/localization.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="09. Containers" url="manual/containers.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="10. Iterators" url="manual/iterators.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="11. Algorithms" url="manual/algorithms.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="12. Numerics" url="manual/numerics.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="13. Input and Output" url="manual/io.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="14. Atomics" url="manual/atomics.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="15. Concurrency" url="manual/concurrency.html"> + </tocsect2> +</tocsect1> +<tocsect1 name="III. Extensions" url="manual/extensions.html"> + <tocsect2 name="16. Compile Time Checks" url="manual/ext_compile_checks.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="17. Debug Mode" url="manual/debug_mode.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="18. Parallel Mode" url="manual/parallel_mode.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="19. Profile Mode" url="manual/profile_mode.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="20. The mt_allocator" url="manual/mt_allocator.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="21. The bitmap_allocator" url="manual/bitmap_allocator.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="22. Policy-Based Data Structures" url="manual/policy_data_structures.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="23. HP/SGI Extensions" url="manual/ext_containers.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="24. Utilities" url="manual/ext_utilities.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="25. Algorithms" url="manual/ext_algorithms.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="26. Numerics" url="manual/ext_numerics.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="27. Iterators" url="manual/ext_iterators.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="28. Input and Output" url="manual/ext_io.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="29. Demangling" url="manual/ext_demangling.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="30. Concurrency" url="manual/ext_concurrency.html"> + </tocsect2> +</tocsect1> +<tocsect1 name="IV. Appendices" url="manual/appendix.html"> + <tocsect2 name="A. Contributing" url="manual/appendix_contributing.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="B. Porting and Maintenance" url="manual/appendix_porting.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="C. Free Software Needs Free Documentation" url="manual/appendix_free.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="D. GNU General Public License version 3" url="manual/appendix_gpl.html"> + </tocsect2> + <tocsect2 name="E. GNU Free Documentation License" url="manual/appendix_gfdl.html"> + </tocsect2> +</tocsect1> + </tdeveloptoc> |